14 THE DYING OF PINE IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. 
(e) It is not necessary to remove or destroy the bark on the lower 
portion of the trunks or on the stumps if it is not infested with the 
destructive beetle, and it is not necessary to cut or treat dead trees 
from which the beetles have emerged. 
(f) It is necessary and e.sential that the broods of the destructive 
beetle in the bark of any portion of the main trunks of the medium 
to larger sized dying infested trees of any given locality should be 
destroyed. 
(g) If the wood of the infested trees can be utilized for fuel, lumber, 
or other purposes, its value should cover the cost of the work. If the 
work of felling and barking the trees is done at direct expense, the 
cost will average 10 to 30 cents per tree. 
(h) The cost of protecting the living timber of any locality with 
average infestation should not exceed an average of from 1 to 5 
cents per acre for the total area of pine-covered land, and if estimated 
on a basis of volume it should not cost over 2 cents per cord of the 
living timber protected. 
(1) The best time to conduct control operations against the south- 
ern pine beetle is during the period between November 1 and March 1. 
(7) If a pine tree standing among or near a groove or woods of 
living pine is either struck by lightning or felled and barked or split 
into cordwood during the summer and early fall, it will, as a rule, 
attract the beetles within a radius of 3 or 4 miles and result in the 
starting of a new center of infestation and in the death of a large 
number of trees. 
(k) The principal owners of pine in each community should cooper- 
ate in the disposal of the required infestation but should not under- 
take the work until some one or more of the owners is sufficiently 
familiar with the essential details of the proper methods. 
REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESS. 
The requirements for success in any effort to protect the living 
pine from the destructive attacks of the southern pine beetle are the 
destruction of the broods of the beetle in the bark of the main trunk 
of the dying infested trees before they leave the bark. This is 
accomplished by the adoption of one or more different methods of 
direct utilization of the infested trunk, or treatment at direct expense 
in cases where the wood can not be utilized. 
The attainment of the best success from the practical application 
of any of these methods will depend on their adaptation to local 
conditions and requirements for disposing of the infested timber and 
strict adherence to certain details which are absolutely necessary to 
the destruction of the broods. 
The period in which to locate and mark the trees that are actually 
infested and in which the marked trees should be utilized or treated 
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