THE MORE IMPORTANT INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE 
FRUIT AND FOLIAGE OF THE APPLE. 
INTRODUCTION. 
The spraying of apple orchards has received a great impetus dur- 
ing the past few years by reason of the increased demand for good 
fruit and the satisfactory prices received therefor. While most 
commercial orchardists have been spraying for a good many years, 
the practice has not been as general among small orchardists as is 
desirable, and the present profitableness of apple culture has been the 
principal factor in awakening an interest in a crop heretofore much 
neglected by them. y 
A few years ago it was felt that orchard spraying was on a rather 
definite basis, but recent improvements in spray materials and ap- 
paratus for their application have contributed to raise many ques- 
tions of detail in the minds of fruit growers. These questions have 
to do with the best spray to use; times of making applications; 
grade of chemicals to purchase; the desirability of preparing sprays 
at home in preference to use of commercial preparations, etc. 
It is the aim of the present paper to furnish the orchardist neces- 
sary information for summer spraying, or spraying trees in foliage, 
as opposed to treatments during the dormant period of trees, as for 
the San Jose scale, blister mite, ete. The principal insects and dis- 
eases affecting the fruit and foliage of the apple are first considered, 
and with the illustrations should be easy of recognition. This is fol- 
lowed by a consideration of the sprays recommended, and directions 
for their preparation and use. Owing to the extended area in the 
United States over which the apple is cultivated, it is necessary to 
refer to certain insects and diseases which are of interest in more or 
less restricted localities, and to indicate the appropriate treatment for 
the same in the sprays schedule. It is believed, however, that the 
orchardists in the New England States, as well as the orchardists in 
the Ozark regions of Arkansas and Missouri, will have no difficulty 
in determining the particular applications necessary under their 
respective conditions. 
THE CODLING MOTH. 
The larva of the codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella L.), some- 
times called the apple worm, is well known alike to growers and con- 
sumers of apples. It is the principal cause of wormy apples, and its 
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