4 INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE APPLE. 
on the trees. The effect of the punctures when abundant, however, 
is to cause the fruit to become knotty and misshapen as it grows, the 
extent of the deformity varying with the severity of the injury 
Fic. 5.—Duchess apples at picking time, showing deformed condition from egg and feed- 
ing punctures of the plum curculio. 
and also with the variety. Rapidly growing summer or fall varieties 
of apples show the injury perhaps worst, while in the case of slower- 
growing winter apples the injury is more likely to be outgrown, the 
egg punctures showing in the 
fall as more or less _nail- 
shaped scars, not affecting the 
quality of the fruit, though 
detracting from its appear- 
ance. (See fig. 5, showing 
deformed Duchess apples.) 
When beetles of the new 
generation appear in _ late 
summer and fall they feed 
upon the fruits, producing 
injuries shown in figure 6. 
With the snout a hole is ex- 
cavated in the apple, and the 
Fic, 6.—Fall hestane punctures of the plum cur- flesh a Tee oul pnd Lae 
Guilin teh Pipe wned te! 5; skin surrounding the punc- 
ture as far as this organ will 
reach. This “ fall” feeding puncture is often very much in evidence 
in orchards where the insect is abundant, and the injury is at times 
considerable. Decay of the fruit often starts at the injured place, 
492 
