INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE APPLE. 15 
TABLE I.—Results of spraying apples for the plum curculio—various localities. 
Average 
Number ae Total | percent- | Number 
Locality. Treatment. of sound | ° oo €S | number age of | of appli- 
apples. | }iaq_ |ofapples. sound cations. 
: apples. 
Anderson, Mo., 1908....| Bordeaux mixture (4-4-50) 1,710 1, 867 Dy Iie, 47.81 7 
plus + pound Paris green. 
ID @).2' ge tapes apts he a Bordeaux mixture (4-4-50) 3,844 2,846 6, 690 57.45 7 
plus 2 pounds arsenate of 
. lead. 
DO sncciscteehas es Uintreated(s 2.52 eeeeeaoa--= 193 3,312 3,505 5.51 None. 
Westfield, N. Y., 1908. .| Bordeaux mixture (4-4-50) 10, 506 921 Wl, 427 91.07 4 
plus 2 pounds arsenate of 
lead. 
10 OSE A SS Cenea comer Untreated. retraces eee 300 761 1,061 25. 44 None. 
North East, Pa., 1906. .| Bordeaux mixture (44-50) 1,354 359 1,713 79.04 Y) 
plus 2 pounds arsenate of 
lead. 
ID ae eee eco Untreated: 222428. =.= 270 791 1,061 25. 44 None. 
Siloam Springs, Ark., | Bordeaux mixture (4-4-50) 37, 304 5, 899 43, 203 86.34 1 
1909. plus 1 pound arsenate of 
lead. Trees drenched. 
DO ern eect nests Bordeaux mixture (3-3-50) 26, 897 5, 554 32, 451 82.88 5 
plus 2 pounds arsenate of 
lead. 
DOR pat. SAS ereN Ts es Unirettedes. hes c es. --.- =: 2,234 22,212 24, 446 9.14 None. 
Crozet, Va., 1909 ......- Bordeaux mixture (2-2-50) 15, 406 5, 432 20, 838 73.93 1 
plus 2 pounds arsenate of 
lead. @rees drenched. 
DOF deg s2ih< tee Bordeaux mixture (2-2-50) 12, 231 1,846 14,077 86.89 4 
plus 2 pounds arsenate of 
lead. 
1D tee ames <6 WUmntreated se) ess. . ee 10,322 8, 785 TOMO Mes cere None. 
Mount Jackson, Va., | Bordeaux mixture (2-2-50) 11,335 8, 240 19, 575 57.90 1 
1909. plus 2 pounds arsenate of 
lead. Trees drenched. 
DOs ane os vate Se _..| Bordeaux mixture (1-1-50) 6,651 9, 642 16, 293 40.82 3 
plus 2 pounds arsenate of 
lead. 
1D Xs NE rae ea Wmntredtedss....aAsss2. ose 6, 984 18, 657 25,641 27.23 None. 
St. Joseph, Mo., 1909. ..| Arsenate of lead, 2 pounds 2,130 3,658 5, 788 36.80 1 
to 50 gallons of water. 
Trees drenched. 
DORI eoeraccs ...| Bordeaux mixture (4-4-50) 2, 480 2,470 4,950 50.10 4 
plus 2 pounds arsenate of 
lead. 
WOPRe sac sees oe WUnitrested!./33. se-ceens-c = 182 4,307 4, 489 4.05 None. 
It will be noted that the results of spraying vary widely. It is 
apparent that account must be taken of other conditions, such as the 
relative abundance of the insects as compared with the amount of 
fruit present on the trees. With a small fruit crop and an abundance 
of curculios the most thorough spraying will not serve to bring 
through a satisfactory amount of sound fruit, as will be noted in the 
results of experiments at St. Joseph, Mo. With a large crop of fruit 
and an abundance of insects, results will likewise be disappointing; 
pote the results at Mount Jackson, Va. If the curculios for any 
cause are scarce, and there is a large fruit crop, injury is, of course, 
much less important. In other words, the degree of success in spray- 
ing varies with the abundance of the insects. While spraying is un- 
doubtedly a most important adjunct, and if persisted in from year to 
year may answer reasonably for its control, yet it is clear that where 
the insect is abundant other measures should also be employed. In all 
eases which have come under our observations the insects have always 
been found most abundant in orchards which are in sod or are poorly 
492 
