16 INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE APPLE. 
cared for and allowed to grow up more or less in weeds and trash. 
Orchards adjacent to Bee will also usually suffer severely, espe- 
cially along the border. As opposed to this condition is the notably 
less injury in orchards kept free from weeds and trash. In such 
cases the sprayings usually given for other orchard insects, as the 
codling moth, serve to keep the curculio well under control. In fact, 
it may be said as a general statement that this insect will never be- 
come seriously troublesome in apple orchards given the usual routine 
attention in cultivation, spraying, pruning, etc., now considered es- 
sential in successful fruit growing. 
THE LESSER APPLE WORM. 
The larva of the lesser apple worm (Lnarmonia prunivora Walsh) 
and its work have been quite generally confused with those of the 
codling moth. The caterpil- 
lar when full grown is about 
one-half the size of the full- 
grown codling-moth larva, 
and is fusiform in shape and 
usually pink or flesh cojored. 
A codling-moth larva of this 
size is rarely, if ever, pinkish 
in color, but dirty white, 
and marked with black dots. 
The injuries of the two spe- 
cles are in a way quite simi- 
lar. The first-brood larve 
of the lesser apple worm 
enter the fruit mostly at the 
calyx end. Cavities or holes 
Fic. 7.—Injury by the lesser apple worm (Enar- from one-fourth to one-half 
monia prunivora) in ealyx basin and end of a ineh deep are eaten into the 
ripe apple. 
flesh, more or less around the 
calyx lobes and core within. The larva, boring directly through the 
skin at the base of the calyx lobes, or, more commonly, entering the 
calyx cavity, excavate mines or short burrows down into the flesh. 
Frequently also the larve burrow out in the calyx basin just under 
the skin, producing winding or blotch mines (see fig. 7). Such mines 
occur on the sides of the apple, especially where two fruits are in 
contact. Young fruit thus injured usually falls or ripens prema- 
turely. Later in the season the calyx-end injury is about as described, 
though the surface injury is more common, the larve eating out the 
flesh under the skin in large, irregular, more or less linear patches, 
which are quite conspicuous. Larve of this species apparently do 
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