99, INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE APPLE. 
TREATMENT. 
As stated, orchards well sprayed for other fruit pests will rarely 
be seriously troubled by the tent caterpillar. Nevertheless the insect 
during certain seasons may become unusually abundant and special 
treatments may be necessary for its control. The destruction of 
the nests themselves and the contained caterpillars is comparatively 
easy. Where the nests are low down on the tree it will be practical 
to destroy them by hand, or, if the nests are out of reach, they may 
be destroyed by means of some form of torch on a pole, the torch 
being made of 
asbestos or other 
absorbent mate- 
rial saturated 
with an inflam- 
mable oil, such 
as kerosene or 
crude petroleum. 
THE SAN JOSE 
SCALE. 
The use of 
dilute lime-sul- 
phur sprays as 
fungicides on 
trees in foliage 
appears to have 
a distinctly re- 
tarding effect on 
rears) the development 
Baldwin apple badly infested with the San Jose scale of the San Jose 
ea cers scale. While all 
orchards infested with this insect should be given the usual dormant 
tree treatment, for one reason or another considerable numbers of 
the scale may escape destruction, especially on the terminal twigs, 
which are more difficult to coat thoroughly with the wash. The 
seales which thus escape are usually so few in number that no serious 
damage results during the season to the twigs and branches, but the 
young “lice” have a tendency to crawl out and settle on the fruit, 
thereby greatly disfiguring it. (See Fig. 12.) The presence of 
these scales is very objectionable on apples intended for export trade, 
as scale-infested fruit is excluded from entry by certain foreign 
governments, and is discriminated against by buyers generally. The 
following data (Table IT) on the effect of sulphur sprays in lessen- 
ing scale infestation of the fruit were obtained by Mr. E. W. Scott, 
492 
Hie: 12: 
