ae 
" 
INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE APPLE. 23 
of the Bureau of Entomology, in the course of some experimental 
work during 1911, at Fennville, Mich.: 
TABLE II.—Results of lime-sulphur sprays in preventing marking of frwit by 
the San Jose scale. 
Number Percent- 
Number mesa eMOTAle pies 
Plat Treatments.! Variety. of apples | °! apple S! number nee oe 
No. infested. Ba ae Ofappless|i eau 
ested. apples. 
1 | Commercial lime sulphur, 13 to | Rhode Island Green- 137 1, 606 1,743 92.13 
50; sprayed May 12, 25, June ing. 
14, July 25. 
A es ORE SRAM Se oaoes See ee eee [Ball dip ee 80 778 858 90. 67 
3 | Home boiled lime sulphur, May | Greening. ..-.......--- 79 3,939 4,018 98. 03 
12,25, June 14, July 25. 
Lal ee OSCR Ad ce tomes Ij ARSE Oke Raldiwittessseseee se ot 1,813 1,850 98.00 
5 | Commercial lime sulphur, 13 to |..--. (loyal oe Sere eee 13 298 311 95.81 
50; May 12, 25, June 14, July 25. 
6 | Bordeaux mixture (3-4-50), May | Greening. ...........-- 843 1,055 1,898 55.58 
12, 25, June 14, July 25. 
Weekes GOSS ee Bee Oe pe ss a Baldiwitte. 222s.) 06-.0- 525 500 1,025 48.78 
SU PUUS Play CW a asses ones 2 o- a Greening. _-......- : 796 805 1,601 50. 28 
24 ee 5 (0 NS Be pt oe Balaiwi. 2 2.9.5 3ae1,02- 809 190 999 19.01 
1 Alltreatments had 2 pounds of arsenate of lead to each 50 gallons of spray, except in case of plat 5, which 
had the poison in the application of May 12 only. 
The influence of the sulphur sprays in checking the settling of the 
young scales on the fruit is here very marked and furnishes an added 
reason for the use of sulphur sprays as fungicides. 
APPLE SCAB. 
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. 
Apple seab is a fungous disease of the fruit and foliage of the 
apple and ranks as the most destructive disease to which this fruit 
is subject. In unsprayed orchards it often causes the loss of 50 to 
75 per cent of the crop, and not infrequently the entire crop of certain 
varieties is rendered unfit for market by the deformed, cracked. and 
unsightly condition produced by the fungus. Affected fruit is 
usually small, unsightly, often cracked, and does not keep well. 
However, since the practice of spraying has become general among 
apple growers this condition has been largely relieved. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
Apple scab is common practically wherever the apple is grown—in 
America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and elsewhere. How- 
ever, it is essentially, a cool-climate disease, and in the United States 
it is most destructive in New England, the Middle Atlantic States, 
the Great Lakes region, the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys, and por- 
tions of the Pacific Northwest. In the Southern States it is not a 
serious pest, except on the higher elevations, and then only on very 
susceptible varieties. 
492 
