INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE APPLE. 37 
which characterizes the disease injures the market value of the fruit. 
rendering it practically unsalable. (See fig. 21.) 
With the sooty spots are usually associate groups of small, cireu- 
lar, dark-colored flecks. This is a fungous trouble known under the 
common name of flyspeck. (See fig. 21.) It also mars the appear- 
ance of the fruit, but not to such an extent as the sooty spots. Ac- 
cording to Duggar! sooty blotch and flyspeck are stages of the same 
fungus (Leptothyrium pomi [Mont. & Fr.] Sace.), although for 
years they have been considered as two distinct fungi. 
The sooty fungus and flyspeck are common throughout the East- 
ern States and in unsprayed orchards often cause considerable dam- 
age. The fungus 
thrives best in 
moist, shaded 
places and is es- 
pecially trouble- 
some when 
cloudy, showery 
weather prevails 
during late sum- 
mer or fall. 
TREATMENT. 
The sooty fun- 
gus and flyspeck 
are more easily 
prevented — than 
any other disease 
affecting the ap- 
ple, as would nat- 
urally be expected 
from their superficial habit of growth. When treatment for bitter- 
rot is practiced these troubles need no further consideration. ven 
the fungicide in the last spraying for apple scab will hold over long 
enough largely to prevent them unless the conditions during late 
summer are specially favorable, in which case an application of Bor- 
deaux mixture or lime-sulphur solution should be made in July. In 
low, damp situations an application during the first week in July 
and another during the first week in August, using a weak Bordeaux 
mixture, will often be found desirable. 
Fig. 21.—Sooty fungus and fiyspeck on the Huntsman apple. 
PREPARATION AND USE OF SPRAYS. 
The several troubles herein considered are, for the most part, satis- 
factorily controlled by a thorough use of sprays. During the past 
1Fungous Diseases of Plants, pp. 367-369. 
492 
