INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE APPLE. 41 
In bad cases of bitter rot or apple blotch it is often advisable to use 
4 pounds of bluestone and 6 pounds of lime to 50 gallons of water 
instead of the above formula. 
Directions for making.—To make a single barrel of Bordeaux mix- 
ture, dissolve the bluestone in 25 gallons of water and in a separate 
vessel slake the lime and dilute it to 25 gallons. Then pour the two 
solutions simultaneously through a strainer into the spray tank. 
Tf large quantities are to be used, stock solutions of the bluestone 
and lime should always be prepared, thus saving the time necessary 
to dissolve the materials. A stock solution of the copper sulphate 
may be made by dissolving it at the rate of 1 pound to each gallon 
of water. Fill a 50-gallon barrel two-thirds or three-fourths full 
of water, and place a sack (or box with perforations in the bottom 
and sides) containing 50 pounds of copper sulphate in the upper part 
of the barrel, suspending it by a string or copper wire. In from 12 
to 24 hours the sulphate will have entirely dissolved, and the sack 
or box should be removed and enough water added to fill the barrel. 
After slight stirring the solution is ready for use. The stock lime 
may be prepared by slaking 50 pounds in a barrel or other vessel, 
and finally adding water to make 50 gallons. In slaking the hme 
sufficient water should be used to prevent burning, but not enough 
to “drown” it, and the mass should be continually stirred with a 
shovel or spading fork until a thin paste is formed. 
In making Bordeaux mixture take the necessary quantities of the 
stock copper sulphate and the stock lime solutions to give the formula 
in the total amount of water to be used, and place each in separate 
elevated dilution tanks, which should hold half as much as the total 
capacity of the spray tank. Thus, if the spray tank holds 200 gal- 
lons each dilution tank should hold 100 gallons, and, according to 
the above formula, .20 pounds of copper sulphate (20 gallons of the 
stock solution) and 20 pounds of lime (20 gallons of stock solution) 
would be required. To each dilution tank add water (one-half the 
total amount of spray) and after stirring allow the diluted ingredi- 
ents to run through separate hose or troughs attached to faucets 
near the bottom of the tank into the strainer on the spray tank, 
where the two solutions come together, producing the Bordeaux 
mixture. Only the quantity which can be used during the day 
should be mixed, as the Bordeaux mixture deteriorates on standing. 
In case the dilution tanks are not elevated to admit of filling the 
spray tank by gravity, the diluted solutions must be dipped and 
poured into the latter by hand, a bucketful of each simultaneously. 
This method is advisable in small operations, where a few barrels at 
most are needed. 
It is important that Bordeaux mixture should be thoroughly 
strained in order to keep out any coarse particles that would clog 
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