44 INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE APPLE. 
should insure protection against practically all of the troubles affect- 
ing the fruit and foliage of the apple: 
First application—Use lime-sulphur solution at the rate of 14 gal- 
lons to 50 gallons of water plus 2 pounds of arsenate of lead paste 
or 1 pound of powdered arsenate of lead just before the blossoms 
open. This is for apple scab, the plum curculio, cankerworms, the 
bud moth, case-bearers, and the tent caterpillar, 
Second application—Use same spray as in first application, as soon 
as the blossoms have fallen. This is for the above-mentioned troubles 
as well as for the codling moth, leaf-spot, and cedar rust. It is the 
most important application for both apple scab and the codling 
moth. In spraying for the codling moth at this time the aim is to 
place in the calyx end of each little apple a quantity of the poison 
and, to accomplish this, painstaking work will be necessary. Failure 
to do thorough spraying at this time can not be remedied by subse- 
quent treatments. 
Third application.—Use the same spray as indicated above three to 
four weeks after the blossoms fall. This is the second treatment for 
the codling moth, cedar rust, and leaf-spot, and gives further protec- 
tion against apple scab. 
Fourth application—Use Bordeaux mixture (8-4-50 formula) and 
an arsenical eight to nine weeks after the petals fall (about June 25 
to 30). This is the first application for bitter rot, the arsenical being 
added for the second brood of the codling moth. It is also essential 
for the sooty blotch and flyspeck, especially in damp situations. 
The applications given above, if carefully followed out, are, as a 
rule, sufficient to bring the fruit crop through to maturity in good 
condition, except where bitter rot occurs, for which further treatment 
will be necessary as indicated below. 
Fifth application—Use Bordeaux mixture from two to three weeks 
after the fourth application. This is the second application for 
bitter rot, and since it is very little extra expense to add an arsenical 
this may be profitably done as a further protection against late- 
appearing larve of the codling moth. 
Sixth application—Use Bordeaux mixture again two or three weeks 
after the fifth treatment has been applied. This is the third appli- 
cation for bitter rot and is ordinarily sufficient to carry the fruit 
through, but on specially susceptible varieties in bitter rot sections, a 
treatment to be made two weeks later may be found necessary. — 
Apple-blotch treatment.—The second, third, and fourth applications 
of the above schedule will control mild cases of apple blotch, but in 
bad cases an extra treatment, using Bordeaux mixture, applied six 
weeks after the petals have fallen (two or three weeks after the 
second application), will be found necessary for the best results. 
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