COMB HONEY. 47 
boards (fig. 12), queen-excluding honey boards (fig. 2), feeders, tools, 
etc. It is not necessary to provide queen-excluding honey boards 
for each colony unless some special system is followed, yet a few 
excluders are very desirable for various special manipulations. Good 
feeders may be had by using tin pans in connection with an 
empty super. A handful of grass should be placed on the sirup to 
prevent the bees from drowning. In addition to these appliances 
in the northern States, if the hives are single walled, some means of 
protection is necessary if the colonies are wintered out of doors. 
Preparing Supers. 
FOLDING SECTIONS. 
Section presses and foundation fasteners are sometimes combined 
in one machine by which the section is pressed together square and 
the foundation is fastened by 
a single operation. Usually, 
however, they are separate 
machines requiring that each 
section be handled twice be- 
fore it is ready to be placed 
into the super. Ordinarily 
the one-piece sections must be 
dampened before folding, as 
otherwise the breakage is con- 
siderable and the sections are 
ereatly weakened by folding. 
A crate of sections as it comes 
from the factory may bedamp- 
ened by removing one side so 
as to expose the V-shaped 
grooves, then directing a small 
stream of hot water into these 
grooves. Careshould be taken 
that only the thin portion 
where the section is folded be dampened. Another very satisfactory 
method of dampening sections is to wrap the crates containing them 
in a wet blanket the day before they are to be folded. 
Fic. 12.—Bee escape board for removing bees from 
supers. (From Phillips.) 
FASTENING FOUNDATION IN SECTIONS. 
The use of comb foundation in full sheets filling each section as 
nearly as possible is considered a necessity in the production of fancy 
comb honey. This foundation should be as thin as can be used. with- 
out being gnawed or torn down by the bees. The sheet of foundation 
is usually fastened centrally at the top of the section, leaving only 
45222°—Bull. 503—12——3 
