20 COMMON WHITE GRUBS. 
will change to the dormant or pupal stage, transforming to beetles 
about August. They will remain in the soil as beetles over winter, 
appearing above ground in the spring of 1914, Small grain may, 
with comparatively safety, be planted in 1913 on land infested in 1912. 
If infested ground must be utilized for corn, potatoes, or other sus- 
ceptible crops in 1913, planting should be delayed as long as possible, 
in which case injury will be minimized or may be wholly prevented. 
In 1914 a maximum acreage of such crops as corn and potatoes should 
be planted, and these should be kept thoroughly cultivated during 
the flight of the beetles. Land which is planted to small grain, 
timothy, and other crops which cover the ground with vegetation at 
the time of the flight of beetles should be planted in fields farthest 
from trees, and such fields should be planted the following year 
(1915) to crops least susceptible to white-grub injury, such as clover, 
alfalfa, small grains, and buckwheat. In addition, the methods 
which have already been discussed, namely, the use of hogs and 
domestic fowls, fall plowing, and the gathering of beetles and grubs, 
should be practiced. 
IN THE LAWN. 
No reliable remedy can be offered for the destruction of grubs in 
iawns. Where possible, poultry, especially turkeys, should be allowed 
the run of the infested area. Hogs will of course rid the ground of 
grubs, but they will likewise tear up the sod and are not usually 
desirable in cities. When badly infested, the removal of sod and the 
gathering of the grubs by hand, and later, fall plowing, will probably 
prove satisfactory. If the infestation is not severe, liberal applica- 
tions of commercial fertilizer will assist the grass in overcoming the 
grub injury. It has been demonstrated in Europe by Decoppet + that 
carbon bisulphid injected into the soil at a depth not exceeding 6 
inches, at the rate of 1 to 13 ounces in six or eight holes per square 
yard, will considerably diminish the number of grubs. Decoppet 
experimented with an European white grub,? and it appears quite 
probable that this method would prove satisfactory for ouréwhite 
‘ grubs when they appear in lawns. It might be mentioned here that 
carbon bisulphid may be injected with excellent results into the holes 
of the grub of the southern green June beetle, which is frequently 
quite destructive to lawns in the Southern States. In using carbon 
bisulphid care should be exercised never to permit a spark of fire to 
come near it, for it is extremely inflammable, and its vapor, mixed 
with air, is explosive. Holes in which the carbon bisulphid is in- 
jected should be closed with a plug of soil or sod immediately after 
the injection, to prevent the escape of the fumes. 
1 Bul. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., 5me ser., t. 48, no. 176, pp. xxxy—xxxvi, June, 1912. 
Abstr. in Internat. Inst. Agr. (Rome), Bul. Bur. Agr. Intel. and Plant Diseases, vol. 3, 
no. 6, pp. 1456-1457, 1912, and in U. S. Dept. Agr., Experiment Station Record, vol. 27, 
no. 7, pp. 661-662, 1912. 
2 Melolontha sp. 
543 
O 
