AND OTHIiR IXJLRIOrS INSECTS OF HJO/ AND I908. 43 



We see no reason, from observation and field work during the 

 summer of 1908, to qualify that statement. 



One significant discovery has been made here diiring the course 

 of the year, since the publication of the above report, which has a 

 direct bearing upon the occurrence of this so-called "southern form," 

 and may oblige us to change our views to a certain extent as regards 

 its being a visitor from the vicinity of the Mason and Dixon line. 

 On April 7th, 1908, eggs were found on grasses (Elyinus canadensis 

 and Bcckinani sp.) in the river gorge near St. Anthony Park. These 

 eggs had been laid between the leaves and the stem. They hatched 

 April 14th and proved to be this species, showing that the eggs may 

 survive our winters. On April 23rd more eggs of this species were 

 found at St. Anthony Park on Bcckinani, and in the same location 

 on the plant. Most of these eggs were dead, though some were alive. 

 The eggs of Toxoptera then may survive our winters ; the finding of 

 a young larva of this species, evidently a young "stem mother," in 

 the same vicinity as the April 7th discovery, corroborates this belief. 



On July 27th a winged and wingless female were found at 

 Breckenridge on volunteer oats. This has a significant bearing upon 

 our finding winged forms here in 1907. In other words, they may 

 have been permanent residents here at that time, though it is prob- 

 able, or at least possible, that we were first infested by winged 

 migrants from the country south of us. At Moorhead the next day 

 young specimens were found in considerable abundance on volunteer 

 oats and at Hallock, Alinn., on July 29th, they were found on 

 oats and on the lower leaves of barley. July 30th they were found 

 on the lower leaves of young barley near Crookston, and were nu- 

 merous enough, on one plant at least, to turn its leaves white. 

 Eighteen lice of this species were counted upon this leaf. Fifty per 

 cent of the plants examined were infested, and in every case the in- 

 sects were inside of the lower leaves next the stem, frequently six or 

 seven on one plant. Some winged specimens were found. 



The eggs from which the above insects came were, of course, 

 laid in the fall of 1907. In our experimental garden at the Station 

 we secured eggs in barley somewhat earlier than November 4th, 1907. 

 Like many other aphid eggs, they were light green at first, changing 

 to black in a few days. 



The questions which at once suggest themselves are : "How 

 long has this been going on?'" "Were the aphids which were found 

 last year as far north as our Canadian border, not native here, from 



