AND OTHER INJURIOUS INSECTS OF I907 AND I908. 65 



blackberries upon our experimental grounds, and as probably illus- 

 trating the contagious character of the disease, it may be said that our 

 blackberries and the raspberries complained of by our correspondent 

 came from the same nursery. Our diagnosis in this particular was 

 fully corroborated by Washington authorities in the Bureau of Plant 

 Industry. A visit to this establishment last fall, at a time when the 

 vines were being dug and placed in the cellar, disclosed the fact that 

 several varieties of raspberries were aftected. Affected and apparent- 

 ly healthy stock zvas being tied up in the same bundles. The healthy 

 looking stock is what goes out to patrons, but that this carries the dis- 

 sease with it is, we believe, shown by the facts above mentioned. 



One Minnesota nurseryman writes us that the first time he noticed 

 any crown galls was in the fall of 1906, and on Golden Queen Rasp- 

 berries. The raspberries in another nursery were badly affected five 

 years ago, and the owner "plowed the whole patch under" seeding 

 it to clover for two years, and following with potatoes. He does not 

 intend to plant raspberries there again as long as he can get other 

 ground. 



In looking over the nursery legislation in the various states we 

 find that about two-thirds of the states which have nursery inspection 

 laws, specifically mention the presence of crown gall in a nursery as 

 disqualifying, and that nearly all the states which do not mention it 

 specifically include it by inference as a "contagious disease." 



Partly at the request of the writer this subject was placed on the 

 program of the Sixth Annual meeting of the National Association of 

 Horticultural Inspectors, which convened in Chicago in December, 

 1907, and inspectors and representative nurserymen who were pres- 

 ent joined in the discussion. There seemed to be a decided unanimity 

 of action in treatment of Crown Gall on the part of the inspectors. 

 They either refuse to grant a certificate where Crown Gall is found to 

 be present, or grant it with the zvords "except raspberries and black- 

 berries" on the certificate, or grant it only upon receipt of a ivritten 

 ageement from the nurseryman that he zvill destroy and not offer 

 for sale any vines groivn in a block condemned by the inspector on ac- 

 count of the presence of this disease. If the nurseryman breaks his 

 word in this connection, and knozvledge of the fact comes to the in- 

 spector, the certificate granted is revoked. 



From the fact that the presence of Crown Gall disqualifies a nur- 

 seryman in various states and from certain published statements re- 

 garding its injurious effects upon vines, it seems fair to conclude that 

 it is a disease calling for careful oversight on the part of nurserymen 



