68 THE APPLE LEAF HOPPER 



To further emphasize the need of special effort toward eradicating 

 this pest, the entomologist, in November, 1908, sent the following 

 brief circular to nurserymen : 



TO THE NURSERYMEN OF MINNESOTA. 



We are endeavoring to prevent the spread of Crown Gall among rasp- 

 berries in this state. We know that you will cooperate with us in keeping 

 it from your field and from your cellars, and from any shipment which 

 you make of raspberry vines, or any otlier vine upon which there is Crown 

 Gall. Such vines should be destroyed in tlie field, and not brought into 

 the root house, nor allowed to stand in the field. When done up with a 

 bundle of unaffected roots, the diseased root may, if the spores of the dis- 

 ease are at the right stage, infest the plants which you propose shipping 

 in the spring. I quote a paragraph from the New York inspector to the 

 nurseries of that state, showing how important that inspector regards this 

 matter: 



"There are in the state of New York about five hundred nurseries, 

 embracing about ten thousand acres of land. These nurseries have Zl ,- 

 535,000 fruit trees, 16,000,000 ornamental trees, 4,750,000 currants, 

 15,500,000 grape vines. The nurserymen expect to receive a certificate of 

 inspection from this department previous to the fall digging season. The 

 inspection authorities of several other states are attempting to keep out 

 of their states trees that are infected with wooly aphis, and plants that 

 are infected by galls on the roots. At the time of our summer inspection it 

 is difficult to estimate the number of trees and plants the roots of which 

 are affected with galls. I therefore request that the nurserymen give close 

 attention to the trees at digging time to see that all trees and plants affected 

 by galls are destroyed or kept out of shipments. Supplemental inspection 

 of nurseries and packing grounds will be carried on under the direction 

 of the department at shipping and other times when it is possible to do so. 

 We understand that trees that are infested with root galls are regarded by 

 leading nurserymen as unmerchantable, but whether this is so in all cases 

 or not, they should not be permitted to enter shipments for the reason 

 that insects and diseases will thereby be spread. The inspectors of the 

 department will be at the service of the nurserymen for the inspection of 

 their trees and requests for inspection should be sent to this office." 



As intimated above, I am quite sure you will do all you can to stamp 

 out this destructive disease. 



