AND OTHER INJURIOUS INSFXTS OF I907 AND I908. 'J'i^ 



if used too strong, will cause a russeting of fruit and a burning of the 

 leaf. Therefore, from observations made at this station, which are 

 corroborated by the experience of others, we have discarded the strong- 

 er solutions, and find the so-called 3-3-50 formula effective and safe. 

 This is made as follows: Dissolve three pounds of blue stone (cop- 

 per sulphate) in a known number of gallons of water, ten to twenty 

 as the case may be, in a wooden or earthern vessel, never in metal. 

 When dissolved add enough water to make twenty-five gallons. In an- 

 other receptacle slake three pounds of quick lime in the same way, 

 adding to that also sufficient water to make twenty-five gallons. These 

 two solutions are to be kept separate, covered to prevent evaporation. 

 When wanted for use, pour together into the receptacle from which 

 the pump draws its supply, equal parts of each, stirring the lime solu- 

 tion thoroughly before doing so, in order that the lime which has set- 

 tled may be in suspension. Do not pour the two solutions together 

 before diluting. One must be sure that this solution is not acid. Two 

 simple tests may be resorted to to determine this, namely: (1) Hold 

 a clean, steel knife blade in the solution a minute or two, if it becomes 

 copper coated, more lime should be used. (2) If a little of the solu- 

 tion be poured into a shallow dish and one gently blows across the 

 surface, a thin film should form ; if it does not, add more lime. 



The solution should be strained through a copper or brass strain- 

 er, or coarse cloth when being placed in the pail, barrel, or tank which 

 is to be used, in order to exclude large particles which might clog the 

 pump. Further, after using the pump for this mixture it should be 

 thoroughly cleansed by having water forced through it. This, in fact, 

 should be done after every use of the pump, hose and nozzles. A com- 

 bined Bordeaux and Paris green or arsenate of lead may be bought 

 ready prepared of some firms selling spraying machinery. This comes 

 in a dry or paste form and is added to water when it is ready for use. 



This compound, Bordeaux mixture alone, remains for a long time 

 on fruit and leaf and twig; it prevents in a large measure attack by 

 scab, niildnv and other fungous troubles, but it is not a cure. In other 

 words, it should be placed upon leaf or fruit before it is attacked, and 

 a sufficient number of applications should be given (see below) to 

 keep the same well coated with the mixture until within a few weeks of 

 gathering. Now, if Paris green is added to this mixture at the rate 

 of three pounds for every 100 gallons, or arsenate of lead (dispar- 

 ene) at three or four times that strength, not only will the spores of 

 most fungous diseases, with which it comes in contact, be killed, but 

 all insects as well, which bite leaf, or twig, or fruit, such as plum cur- 



