76 THE APPLE LEAF HOPPER 



5. Kerosene Emulsion (Hubbard Formula) : Dissolve one- 

 half pound of any hard soap in one gallon of water by boiling. Take 

 from fire while still boiling. Add two gallons of a cheap grade of 

 kerosene, and churn with a spray pump until it becomes soft and 

 creamy in texture. This is the stock solution. For plant lice use one 

 part of stock solution to eight or ten of water. A serious objection to 

 this in the hands of many is the fact that after the mixture has stood 

 a while, even when being used, free oil rises to the surface, and this, 

 if applied to a tree, will generally cause a burning of the foliage. A 

 soap solution is a safer agent. 



6. Sulphite of Potash (Liver of Sulphur) can be purchased 

 at most drug stores. Dissolve one-half to one ounce in one gallon of 

 water and use for mildew on rose, gooseberry, etc. Discolors white 

 paint. See also No. 9. 



7. Resin Soap: Good for plant lice; also used as a "sticker," 

 being added to spraying solutions to make them stick to glossy sur- 

 faces. Dissolve a pound of caustic soda in one and one-half gallons 

 of water. Add two pounds of resin and one pound of tallow, and dis- 

 solve by a moderate degree of heat. Add water enough to make three 

 gallons. Add this to fifty gallons of spraying mixture. 



8. Winter Sprays: Lime-sulphur solution, crude petroleum, 

 etc. Excellent for scale insects. 



9. Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate: An excellent fungicide, 

 useful in cases of tomato blight, also against mildews on roses, rust, 

 etc. Pour three pints of ammonia (about 25 per cent) into a gallon 

 of water in an earthern or wooden receptacle. Add five ounces of 

 copper carbonate and stir. If it all dissolves, add more, until a small 

 amount remains in the liquid. The resulting compound is blue ; it 

 should be kept in corked jugs, and be used within a few weeks. The 

 above stock compound should be diluted with sufficient water to make 

 fifty gallons. 



Codling Moth, Plum Curculio, Tent Caterpillar, Canker 

 Apple. Worms, (all insects which eat twig, leaf or fruit). Scab, 



Mildew. Use No. 1 just before flower buds open, again 

 after all bloom has fallen. Apply two or three subsequent sprayings at 

 intervals of two weeks. Alore frequent applications are useful. Sprayings 

 should be so timed that the young leaves receive an application upon their 

 first appearance, when they are about the size of squirrels' ears. Plum 

 curculio can also be jarred ofif the trees on sheets below. Jar every three 

 days after fruit has formed for three or four weeks. Lice or Aphids: In 

 the case of nursery stock and small trees, the branches may be bent over 

 and the infested tips "swashed" thoroughly in a pan of No. 4, No. 5 or 

 No. 7, or in a mixture of soap-suds and tobacco. 



