ANT) OTHKR INJURIOUS INSI-XTS OF IQO/ AND I908. I55 



three piip^e in one slalk, one of these behig two feet and nine inches 

 from the ground. Hemp and Golden Glow were also badly infested, 

 but much less so than Burdock. A single specimen was found in 

 Thistle. Golden Glow was found afifected at tiie very beginning of the 

 season's work (July 3rd). This species was found working as late as 

 August 24th. The first pupa was found on August 5th, and no larv?e 

 were found after August 24th. The last one pupated in captivity on 

 that date. The first moth emerged on September 9th, three issuing 

 on that day. The last moth which was reared emerged September 22d. 



Over half of the pup?e which we had of tliis species died, appar- 

 entl}' because they did not have sufficient moisture to carry them 

 through the process of emergence from the pupal stage. Nearly all 

 of them were found as dead moths in the pupal cases at the time of 

 the closing of the experiments. This species, one would assume, there- 

 fore, needs more moisture in the pupal stage than does P. nitcla, with 

 which we had no such experience, rearing them successfully under 

 exactly similar conditions. The length of the pupal stage of the species 

 was shown by the records of several specimens, as about twenty-two 

 days on the average. We failed to get eggs from a moth of this spe- 

 cies. The larvje always pupate in their burrows made in the stalks 

 of their food plants. This form appears to be as heavily parasitized as 

 P. nitcla, TacJuua tlies Ijeing among the most important parasites. 



Paf^aipciiia fiircata Smith : Larva; of this species, boring in the 

 new growth of voung ash trees, were brought in from a southern Min- 

 nesota nursery by Mr. Ruggles on July 20th. They began to go into 

 the ground for pupation on July 22nd. Some were still to be found in 

 the ash on July 23rd ; a number had pupated by July 30th, forming 

 pupal cells in the ground without spinning cocoons. Moths emerged 

 on Aug. 28th to 31st. See p. 197 for technical descriptions of the larv<e 

 and pupa? of these species. 



From the above data it would seem that neglected spcts in 

 gardens or close to gardens must be carefully looked after. A ne- 

 glected lot adjoining a flower garden, containing ragweed or bur- 

 dock or giant bur-elder or hemp, appears to offer favorable breed- 

 ing ground, from which a garden might be infested. Such weeds 

 should be destroyed wherever found. The fall burning cf dead 

 weeds would not be efficacious unless made to include the stubs of 

 the weeds close to the ground upon which the eggs are found. 



