198 THE APPLE LEAF HOPPER 



brown spot on each side of the middle Hne. Most of the segments 

 with several brown or blackish spots on each side, grouped for the most 

 part around the spiracles where these are present. 



The larvae of this species a])pear to \'ary greatly in ground color, 

 though their stripes and other markings are apparently always about 

 the same. The ground color is sometimes almost black, in which case 

 the stripe on the back and those on the sides appear almost white by 

 contrast. Sometimes the ground color is very light, so that the light 

 stripes are often distinguished from it only with great difficulty. On 

 specimens with very light ground color the brown seta-bearing spots 

 on the back and sides are much more noticeable by contrast, than they 

 are on specimens with dark ground color. 



Papaipeina iilfcla Gn. 

 Pupa: 



Place of pupation : In stalk of Giant IJur-Elder. 



Length, 20 mm. Greatest (thoracic) width, 6 mm. Wing cases 

 tending caudad over 2-3i of the fourth abdominal segment ; greatest 

 length of these 9 mm. 



Color, light chestnut brown, darker dorsad and on segment mar- 

 gins. Spiracles umber. 



General surface smooth; the anterior dorsal margins of the third 

 and fourth segments strongly punctate, these punctures extending 

 caudad on each side almost to the spiracles. Fifth, sixth and seventh 

 abdominal segments each with entire front margin punctate, this mar- 

 gin comprising on the dorsum about the front quarter of the segment, 

 the number of punctures diminishing ventrad. Hind margins of fourth, 

 fifth and sixth segments very minutely punctate, the number of punc- 

 tures diminishing ventrad. Cremaster conical, slightly compressed 

 dorso-ventrally and terminating in two small, slender curved spines. 



Papalpcina cataphracfa Grote. 



Fig. 10;!. Ijarya, of P. cataphracta. Original. 



Larva : 



Length 2*) nun. Width of head 2.76 nun. Body naked, with 

 scattering setae. Head light yellowish brown in color, with a darker 

 brown spot on each side at the hind margin. Area bearing ocelli more 

 or less darkened. Mandibles dark brown, with blackish apices. La- 

 brum liffhter brown than the manibles. Ocelli, six on each side of the 



