The usual quota of fruit tree pests has been noted, and the 
increase of two scales, namely, the Oyster Sheli Scale of the apple, 
and the Scurfy Scale, is particularly to be remarked upon. The 
Buffalo Tree Hopper and the Apple Leaf Hopper have also been 
the subjects for complaints. 
We also have to report complaints of serious injury from the 
Strawberry Weevil. We are beginning to receive inquiries regard- 
ing the Onion Maggot and Onion Thrips. Buffalo Gnats, “Black 
Flies,” were very bad in the spring of 1909. 
A typhoid epidemic occurred in towns on the Minnesota Iron 
Range in the fall of 1910, and your entomologist was called upon 
by members of the State Board of Health to visit the localities in 
question for the purpose of aiding them in determining to what 
extent the common house fly, or Typhoid Fly, as it is now called, 
was responsible for the spread of the disease. An abstract of our 
report on conditions there, with photographs, is printed on pages 
135-142. 
SPECIAL EXPERIMENTS: Under the direction of the Office of 
Experiment Stations at Washington we have been working in 1909 
with the Apple Leaf hopper, above mentioned; also a grain insect, 
Macrosiphum granaria, and a clover insect, B. funebris, which 
reduces the yield of clover seed. 
Special experiments also have been conducted against the Cab- 
bage Maggot, which attacks not only cabbage but cauliflower, 
radishes and turnips; against several species of stalk borer very 
destructive in gardens, and spraying apples and plums to prevent 
injury by plum curculio. We have also tested the possibility of 
poisoning fruit trees by the use of arsenical sprays. 
Our special work in 1910 in the line of experimentation has 
been the study of the clover seed midge, known as Bruchophagus 
funebris, an insect which lowers our product of clover seed ma- 
terially every year, probably from 40% to 50%, and whose life 
history is not fully understood. In this connection we are working 
under the direction of the Agricultural Department at Washington, 
and have made considerable progress in our knowledge of its 
habits, which knowledge will help us in combating the pest in this 
state. We have also carried on special experiments with various 
insecticides, and are beginning work with the Wheat Joint Worms. 
