INJURIOUS INSECTS OF I909 AND IQIO. 5 
They are a quite different species from the army worm which is 
familiar to the majority of Minnesota farmers. H. wunipuncta, 
and which is commonly known as “The Army Worm.” 
The Wheat-head Army Worm, the species under 
discussion as causing damage this year, is not a fre- 
quent visitor in Minnesota, or anywhere else for that 
matter; and it may be many years, barring its possible 
occurrence in small numbers in 1911, before we are 
troubled by it again. It is widely distributed over 
the United States, as far west as the Great Plains. 
When full grown, at which time the caterpillar is 
about one and a fourth inches long, they go into the 
ground two or possibly three inches, and turn into 
mahogany-colored pupae about three-fourths of an 
inch long, resembling closely Fig. 14 of the colored 
plate, from which the pale brownish or “clay yellow” 
moths (Fig. 3 of colored plate) emerge later. The 
female moth lays its eggs on the leaves (timothy, 
grasses, grains, etc.); which eggs hatch into the 
above-named worms. We found many of them enter- 
ing the pupal stage shortly after the middle of July; 
hence it would seem that it is two-brooded, or at least 
partially so in Minnesota; but it would appear that 
the second brood of worms, coming late, after harvest, 
might meet with difficulty in finding food. 
It is not out of the way to say that at least four- 
fifths of the timothy seed crop in central and southern 
Minnesota has been destroyed this year by this species 
of army worm, and the timothy materially injured as a 
hay crop. A conservative farmer near Marshall, esti- 
mated the loss on the hay alone as equaling one-fourth 
of the crop, or a loss of about $2 on every acre. In the 
vicinity of Otter Tail, it was roughly estimated that 
i they had nearly destroyed 200 acres. Around Battle 
Lake, about 1,000 acres were badly damaged. A 
farmer at Windom states that he lest $150 on his tim- 
othy crop. From Russell we received a report that 
from 1,200 to 1,500 acres of timothy was practically 
Fig. 3. Heaa destroyed. From another section, 95 acres of timothy 
vo. 
erred ty the ‘vas reported as a total loss. A statement received 
Xrmy worm from Heron Lake (July 13) was to the effect that the 
Original. 
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