8 INJURIOUS INSECTS OF I909 AND IQIO. 
age from the insect was confined entirely to timothy; did not go into grain. 
The seed crop of timothy was a total loss. Most farmers cut the timothy for 
hay, but state that its hay-value was greatly lessened by the work of the 
insect—20 to 30 per cent was the average estimated loss on hay. The worm 
not only destroyed the head, but in many cases stripped the plants of their 
leaves. The greater amount of damage was reported from old timothy 
fields that have not been broken in from five to ten years. Some farmers did 
not use their hay for any purpose, but left it standing in the fields. It now 
presents the appearance of naked stems, destitute of heads or leaves. I 
searched, and found several live pupae just beneath the surface of the 
ground; but the majority of the insects seemed to have already changed to 
the adult stage, as was evidenced by the great number of empty pupal cases 
that were found. I counted as many as a half-dozen empty pupal cases in an 
area of sod six inches square, and among those only one live pupa. On the 
whole, however, there are yet a great many pupae still in the timothy sod. 
Mr. Jones is very much interested in the work of eradicating the army 
worm. He expressed a willingness to co-operate with the Station in any way 
possible. Says that he shall be glad, and wants to bring the farmers in 
closer touch with the Station, in a way that will benefit them. He will 
distribute literature, etc., among the farmers of the community, if such is 
desired. 
CONDITIONS AT WINDOM: Called on Mr. Brown, County Auditor; talked 
with several farmers of the community, and went out into the fields around 
Windom. About the same conditions were found as at \\orthington. From 
the standpoint of seed, the timothy crop is a total loss. Most farmers have 
cut the fields for hay, but state that its value was greatly lessened by the 
work of the worm. No damage was reported concerning grain-fields. The 
work of the insect was confined to timothy alone. Found some live pupae in 
the fields in timothy sod, and a great many pupal cases, showing the adult 
had already emerged. Mr. Brown was very pleasant, and wished to render 
the Station any assistance possible. 
CONDITIONS AT St. JAMES: Went out to Mr. Otto Uhlhorn’s place; walked 
through the fields all the way out. Mr. Uhlhorn and other farmers stated 
that the damage from the army worm was confined to timothy, except on the 
edges of grain-fields adjoining timothy. The timothy crop is a total loss for 
seed, and 25 to 30 per cent loss for hay. Most farmers used the crop for 
hay, a few fields were not cut at all; fields of old timothy sod were damaged 
worst. New timothy fields, near old sod, affected worse than entirely new 
fields or fields away from old sod. Insect appeared when timothy came into 
blossom, and remained until the crop was destroyed. Heard of one man at 
Darfur, seventeen miles from St. James, whose oats were attacked to some 
extent by the insect. Charley Stark, Mountain Lake, had a field of timothy 
for seed, that was entirely stripped by the 17th of July. 
Looked for pupae in the fields, and found the same conditions as at 
Worthington and Windom. Several live pupae were found, but mostly 
abandoned pupal cases. 
