32 INJURIOUS INSECTS OF I909 AND I9QIO. 
blister found on apple, which could not be distinguished in any 
way from the true egg-blister of E. mali. On May 26th Miss 
Wood made several drawings to illustrate the method of emergence 
of the FE. mali nymphs from their egg-blisters. These nymphs 
emerged through the oviposition opening of the blister, making this 
opening somewhat larger during the process. When a young hop- 
per begins to emerge from its egg-blister, if the weather is fairly 
warn, it will often complete the process in a few minutes. One 
was timed from the moment the vertex of its head appeared until 
it got clear out of the blister, and it took five minutes. Another 
was watched from the time it was half-way out until it got entirely 
free from the blister, and it took about thirteen minutes. The young 
hoppers were observed to be still emerging from their egg-blisters, 
in large numbers, on May 26th. The flower-buds of the apple 
trees were at this time, as a rule, just on the point of bursting into 
bloom, many of them being already in bloom, and the leaves were 
from one-third to two-thirds developed. From these observations 
there is now no doubt that the egg-blisters, which were so carefully 
measured by Franklin last fall, on the branches of the trees in the 
orchard, were those of E. mali. 
Evidence that E. mali does not hibernate in the egg stage on 
other perennials than the apple. 
Young leaf-hoppers were gathered from the foliage of elm, 
white oak, red oak, gooseberry, black birch, linden and white birch, 
from June 4th to June roth (at which time the nymphs of the first 
brood of E. mali were developing to the adult condition in the apple 
orchard) and reared to adults, to see if any E. mali had hatched 
from the winter egg in any numbers on these trees. Adults were 
reared from nymphs found on all these food-plants, but not one of 
them proved to be &. mali. Currant bushes, box elders, mountain 
ash, dogwood and some other perennials of less importance were 
carefully examined for young leaf-hoppers from time to time during 
the first two weeks in June, and not a single nymph or adult of 
any species was found. Willows were examined carefully on 
June 11th, and only a single young leaf-hopper was found. This 
was reared, and proved to be EF. mali. Plum trees were also 
examined carefully on June 7th, and only two nymphs of leaf- 
hoppers were found. One of these was reared, and proved to be 
E. mali. These observations clearly indicate that E. mali seldom, 
if ever, form winter egg-blisters on any of the kinds of trees 
examined, namely, elm, white oak, red oak, gooseberry, black birch, 
