INJURIOUS INSECTS OF I9Q09Q AND IQIO. 67 
SAN JOSE SCALE POSSIBILITIES IN MINNESOTA. 
IMPORTANT TO NURSERYMEN AND ORCHARDISTS. 
The San Jose Scale, the most injurious insect to the frut-raising 
interests in the United States, has been found in several localities in 
Wisconsin. In South Dakota this scale is known to have survived 
two winters, after which the stock affected was destroyed. In Min- 
nesota we have experimentally carried it through two winters. 
From the facts above stated it would appear that Minnesota fruit 
growers have reason to expect this pest socner or later, and that it 
is unsafe for them, relying upon our cold winters, to congratulate 
themselves, on permanent immunity in this direction. In fact 
though it has never been reported to us, we have no doubt it could be 
found today in some of the older orchards of the state. 
This scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., was brought to this 
country originally probably from China, over twenty years ago, and 
is now well distributed over the principal fruit producing sections in 
the United States. Not only do fruit trees and vines suffer, but al- 
most all deciduous, ornamental shrubs and shade trees, as well as 
small fruits, and no insect has been the subject of so much and so 
strict legislation. 
To the naked eye, the insect, when in numbers on the bark, is of 
a general grayish or black color. On badly infested trees it may 
completely cover the bark. Its presence on fruit causes a discolora- 
tion (a reddish mark about the scale), and when on the bark this red 
color can be observed below the surface in the cambium laver, if one 
removes the outer bark with a pen knife. In very bad cases the 
insects impart a greasy feeling to the bark which it covers. 
The use of a magnifying-glass brings out certain features not 
visible to the naked eye. If the scale is thus enlarged ten or fifteen 
times, one sees that it is for the most part round, slightly raised 
above the bark and that the center (approximately) is occupied by a 
