INJURIOUS INSECTS OF 1909 AND IQIO. Tie 
these conditions. Inspection in Holland, on the other hand, under 
the direction of Prof. J. Ritzema Bos, appears to be very rigid, 
which may account for the fact that up to date we have found no in- 
dication of the presence of the Gypsy moth or Brown-Tail moth on 
stock imported into Minnesota, such stock coming almost entirely 
from Holland. At the same time even the Holland certificates have 
not been found infallible, and Dutch stock, as well as French, should 
be carefully examined upon its arrival. It may be well to add, how- 
ever, that in many states, both eggs of the Gipsy moth and winter 
webs of Brown-Tail have been found in French importations this 
season. As illustrating certain dangerous conditions existing in 
France, we quote from a report of the chief of the U. S. Bureau of 
Entomology, Dr. Howard, upon a recent visit to that country. 
“Nursery stock for export is, in many cases, grown in the vicinity of 
hedges and trees infested by Brown-Tail moths, by the Gypsy moth, and by 
other injurious insects as yet not introduced into the United States, and down 
to the present time there seem to have been no special precautions taken by 
nurserymen to prevent infestation of their nursery stock by injurious insects. 
It seems reasonably sure that the infested nursery stock imported last winter 
into the United States came from some regions as have just been described. 
In the late June and July flight of the adult Brown-Tail moths coming from 
hedges or woods adjoining nursery plantations many of these moths must 
have laid eggs upon the young nursery stock in the vicinity. These eggs 
hatched in August, the very small young larvae fed somewhat upon the 
leaves, webbed up into their characteristic winter nests, and were sent with 
the seedlings to America. The nests are noticeable, and only extreme care- 
lessness, indifference, or ignorance on the part of the French exporters could 
have allowed them to be packed without removal.” 
We have found, in the course of an examination of imported 
stock, one nest of young Brown Tail moths, which was promptly 
taken care of. We do not believe that anything in the way of a 
European insect pest has slipped by us in our inspection of some- 
thing over two hundred boxes in 1908 and 1909. If any specimens 
of Brown Tail moths or eggs of Gipsy moth have been introduced 
here, it is because of the thoughtlessness of some importer, who may 
have unpacked and distributed his stock without notifying us. There 
are doubtless but few cases of this kind, and it is probable that all 
florists, nurserymen, and other importers prefer to go to the slight 
inconvenience of notifying the State Inspector, and having him go 
over the stock at time of unpacking, rather than having a federal law 
created which would oblige shipments to be unpacked and examined 
at port of entry, occasioning, frequently, delay and loss. Let me then 
urge once more upon all importers of foreign nursery stock, trees or 
