INJURIOUS INSECTS OF I909 AND IQIO. 89 
Papaipema cataphracta. 
Larvae were first found working on young box elders on July 
14th. From this date on they were found very commonly through- 
out their active season. The last larva found pupated in captivity 
on August 23d. The first pupa of this species was found on August 
7th (two days earlier than the earliest date last year). The first 
moth in captivity emerged on August 30th (nine days earlier than 
last year), and the last one on September 27th (five days later than 
last year). This species was this year reared from the following 
food plants: Burdock, Box Elder, Giant Bur Elder, Hollyhock, 
Cosmos, Peony, Larkspur, Dahlia, Thistle, Aster, Ragweed and 
Tiger Lilies. Strange to say, it was not found at all this year in 
either Hemp or Golden Glow. It was found in greatest numbers itt 
Burdock, as it also was in 1908. The average number of days passed 
in the pupal stage, as computed from the records of a large number 
of individuals this year, was twenty-nine, the range being from 
twenty-six to thirty-three. It will be noticed that this is quite a little 
longer than last year’s average of twenty-two days (see Twelfth 
Report of the Minnesota State Entomologist). 
44 
Sunflowe 
Fig. 42. Diagram showing endurance of larva. The dotted lines indicate course 
aken by larvae. Each plot 4 feet square. The broad shaded line represents a 
arrow ditch, about 10 inches wide. The arrows show where effort was necessary 
o keep larva from entering favorite food plants. 
