INJURIOUS INSECTS OF I909 AND IQIO. 99 
The first named, brownish in color, is at once recognized by its 
elongated “oyster-shaped” appearance. It infests not only the 
apple, but other fruit trees, as well as lilacs and various other orna- 
mentals. The eggs pass through the winter under the scale, and 
hatch in the spring—May or June in Minnesota. The tiny young 
crawl over the tree for a few hours, and then become fixed, and 
secrete the scale which is to cover them fcr the remainder of their 
existence. 
Spraying with a strong lime-sulphur solution, at a time when 
the trees are dormant, has been recommended; but perhaps as good 
or a better way is to spray several times with a mild lime-sulphur 
solution, or with kerosene emulsion, or with so-called whale oil 
soap, at the time when the young scales are crawling over the tree. 
A very effective thing to do would be to employ both the winter and 
spring sprayings. In this connection see the article on spraying, 
page 143. 
Fig. 48. The Scurfy Scale. 
The Scurfy Scale, Chionaspis furfurus Fitch, deserves notice 
here, although mentioned in the Twelfth Report. Both it and the 
previous scale appear to have become much more abundant since 
the printing of the last report in 1908. The Scurfy Scale gives to 
