100 INJURIOUS INSECTS OF I909 AND IQIO. 
trunks and branches of affected trees a “‘scurfy” appearance. The 
scale is oval, somewhat elongated, about one-tenth of an inch long, 
pointed at one end, and white. In addition to the apple, it affects 
pears where such are grown, also poplar, cottonwood, mountain 
ash, willow and other trees and shrubs. A closely-allied form is 
found on the elm. The life-history is much like that of the Oyster- 
shell Scale, and the same remedial measures are advocated. 
The Buffalo Tree-hopper, Ceresa bubalus, Fab., is the cause 
of much complaint, reaching this division from nurserymen and 
orchardists. The illustration gives a fairly good idea of this 
queer-looking insect. We also in- 
sert figure of twig, showing the 
work of the female in laying her 
eggs. Fruit-growers frequently 
attribute these scars to hail. This 
work, of course, weakens the twig 
or branch. Further, any wounds 
made by insects of this class, or by 
tree-crickets, cicadas, or borers, 
must render the cane, shrub, or 
tree, as the case may be, more sus- 
ceptible to attack of fungous or 
bacterial disease. 
We believe egg-laying takes 
place in this latitude during the 
latter part of summer, the eggs 
hatching the following spring. Con- 
sequently, where judicious prun- 
ing can be resorted to, it is a good 
plan to go over the trees in winter 
or late fall, trim out the affected %,,#%,,,the Buttalo tree noppen. 
portions aS far, cas jcan) be “done, Uss ert Senicutiie 
without deforming the tree, and 
burn the cuttings. Orchards and nurseries should be kept clean 
and free from weed growth. The usual accepted methods of spray- 
ing for insects and fungi are of some help in connection with this 
insect. 
