104 INJURIOUS INSECTS OF 1909 AND I9IO. 
Witt: The leaves wilt, become yellowish and finally die. The 
stems become black and defoliated. Great damage may be done 
within a week. It is said that the disease will not appear unless the 
plants are weakened by the attacks of other fungi. Spraying for 
the blight should also keep this disease in check. 
Gooseberry. 
See Currant, 
Grape. 
Lear Hoppers: These are very active, insidious sucking in- 
sects, and consequently hard to combat. A contact insecticide, like 
kerosene emulsion or miscible oil will keep the insect in check. 
Biack Ror: The disease first appears on the leaves; it pro- 
duces nearly round, tan colored or brown fatches. Later it attacks 
the berries on which it appears first as small, brown or purple spots. 
These spots enlarge very rapidly until the entire fruit is covered. 
The skin does not usually rupture, but the berries shrink until they 
remain only as wrinkled, hard, dry mummies. Young shoots may 
also be attacked; in this case the spots are usually reddish and may 
cause a splitting of the shoot. The disease lives through the winter 
on affected parts; consequently all of these should be sprayed in the 
fall, and clean cultivation should be practiced. Just as the buds are 
beginning to swell in the spring, a very thorough spraying with 
bordeaux should be made. When the buds are unfolding, the 
second spraying should be given with 4-3-50 bordeaux, and this 
should be repeated at ten day or two week intervals. The number 
of sprayings necessary depends upon weather conditions; in warm, 
moist weather the disease is most destructive. If it 1s necessary to 
continue spraying until late in the season, ammoniacal copper car- 
bonate should be substituted for bordeaux the last two times. This 
is done in order to avoid the spotting of the fruit. 
Downy Mi_tpEw—Gray Rot: The symptoms are those usual- 
ly appearing asa result of downy mildew. A grayish, felty mass of 
fungus threads appears on leaves and berries. The berries eventu- 
ally shrivel, but do not become hard and dry as in the black rot. If 
they are attacked after they are at least two-thirds grown, they be- 
come brown in color; for this reason the name brown rot is some- 
times applied. 
The control measures indicated under black rot will suffice. It 
is especially important that spraying be begun early in the season. 
