INJURIOUS INSECTS OF I909 AND IQIO. 7s 
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For orchard work, it is never advisable to purchase anything 
smaller than a barrel pump. A good barrel pump will last a life 
time, and can be used for purposes other than spraying, such as 
white-washing, disinfecting, etc. Always wash the spraying ap- 
paratus out with water after spraying or white-washing and oil and 
clean up all parts before putting away for winter. 
When an orchardist has a sufficient number of trees to require 
five or six barrels of liquid for one spraying, it is advisable to pur- 
chase a large tank, holding 200 to 300 gallons and a double-acting 
sprayer; or better, if he can afford it, a gasoline sprayer. 
Some essentials of a good spraying apparatus are: 
1. The pump should be brass lined to prevent corroding or 
rusting of parts. 
2. The pump must have a sufficiently large air chamber to keep 
the pressure uniform, one that will, with comparative ease, 
keep, with two leads of hose in cperation, a pressure of at 
least 150 pounds. 
3. As the principal ingredient in many of the insecticides and 
fungicides is the fine material held in suspension, there 
must be perfect agitators that will keep the liquid in con- 
stant motion. 
4. The nozzle must be the best that is suited to the occasion. 
The nozzles of the “Bordeaux” type are not very satis- 
factory in ordinary usage. The ‘“Vermorel” gives an ex- 
cellent fine spray, but often 1s misty too soon after leaving 
the nozzle. The larger type nozzles, like the “Mistry” 
are more satisfactory for much cf the orchard spraying. 
5. Another very important point in spraying is to have a good 
hose. Often a poor or worn-out hose causes more trouble 
than all the rest of the apparatus put together. Good 
hose bands to hold the hose on the couplings, and long 
hose couplings are essential. A short hose coupling is 
often more trouble than it is worth. 
6. Bamboo extension rods with cut offs at the lower ends are 
necessary in orchard spraying. The rod inside the bam- 
boo is made either of iron, brass or aluminum. The 
latter are lighter to handle, and when properiy made are 
excellent. Extension rods can be obtained from eight to 
