96 THE CYPRINODONTS. 



More or less depressed forward, compressed posteriorly ; head broadened ; 

 snout blunt ; caudal fin and pedicel deep. Mouth developed laterally and 

 horizontally ; lower jaws longer, firmly united, upper protractile. Teeth 

 conical, in bands, larger in the outer series. Branchiostegal rays five to six. 

 Pharyngeal teeth with a hook and a shoulder, some to many, according to 

 the species, enlarging and becoming molars with age. Gill openings wide ; 

 membranes united, free from the isthmus. Dorsal and anal behind the 

 middle of the body, opposed, the former commonly larger and originating a 

 little farther forward than the latter. Anal not modified into an intromittent 

 organ in the male, but generally, as other fins, a trifle larger in that sex. 

 Intestine rarely long. 



This genus is subdivided into four or five subgenera : Fundulus, with the 

 type F. heteroclitus, Hydrargyra, of which the tj'pical species is F. majalis, 

 Xenisma, containing F. caienatus and its closer allies, Plancterus, based upon 

 F. Kansce, and possibly a fifth for trans-Atlantic species, of which F. hispanicus 

 is best known. 



North and Central America ; Southern Europe ; Africa. 



Fundulus grandis. 



Fundulus grandis B. & G., 1853, P. Phil. Ac, VI, 389 ; Grd., 1859, Mex. Bd. Pishes, 69, pi. 30 ; Blkr., 

 18G0, Cypr., 487; Jor. & C, 1877, B. Buf. Soc, III, 141 ; Jor. 1878, B. U. S. G. Surv., IV, 433 ; G. & B., 

 1880, p! U. S. Mus., II, 151,-1883, P. U. S. Mus., 239; Jor. & G., 1882, B. 16 U. S, Mus., 891,-1883, 

 P. U. S. Mus., V, 253. 



Fundulus fioridensis Grd., 1859, P. Phil. Ac, 157; Blkr., 1860, Cypr., 487; Goode, 1880, P. U. S. 

 Mus., II, 118. 



Fundulus spilotus Put., 1864, B. M. C. Z., ex. p. 13. 



Fundulus ocellaris Jor. & G., 18S2, B. 16 U. S. Mus., 891 ; G. & B., 1883, P. U. S. Mus., V, 239 ; 

 Jor. & G., 1883, P. U. S. Mus., V, 254, 306; Jor., 1885, P. U. S. Mus., VII, 319, — 1887, R.U. S.F. Com., 

 837 ; Hensh., 1891, B. U. S. F. Com., IX, 374 ; Woolm., 1892, B. U. S. F. C, X, 300, pi. 52, fig. 2. 



Fundulus heteroclitus grandis Jor. & G., 1883, P. U. S. Mus., 586; Jor. & S., 1885, P. U. S. Mus., 

 VII, 230 ; Jor., 1887, R. U. S. F. C, 837 ; Everm. & K., 1894, B. U. S. F. Com., 1892, pp. 66, 75, 79, 83, 

 87, 89, 92, 106. 



Fundulus heteroclitus Gthr., 1866, Cat., VI, 318 (part) ; Jor., 1885, P. U. S. Mus., VII, 109. 



Fundulus confiuentus Goode, 1880, P. U. S. Mus., II, 118; Jor. & G., 1882, B. 16 U. S. Mus., 334; 

 Jor., 1887, R. U. S. F. Com., 837. 



Fundulus pallidus Everm., 1893, B. U. S. F. Com., 1891, p. 84, pi. 35, fig. 2; Everm. & K., 1894, B. 

 U. S. F. Com., 1892, pp. 83, 87, 89, 90, 92, 106, pi. 23, fig. 1. 



Zi/gonectes pulvereus Everm., 1893, B. U. S. F. Com., 1891, p. 85, pi. 36, fig. 1; Everm. & K., 1894, 

 1, c, 1892, pp. 83, 87, 89, 92, 107, pi. 24, fig. 2. 



Zi/gouectes funduloides Everm., 1893, B. U. S. F. Com., 1891, p. 85, pi. 35, fig. 3 ; Everm. & K., 1894, 

 1. c, 1892, pp. 83, etc , pi. 24, fig. 1. 



B. 5; D. 11; A. 10-11; V. 6 ; P. 15-17; LI. 33-36; Ltr. 13; Vert. 

 15 + 18. 



Shape resembling that of F. heteroclitm. Stout, much compressed, head 



