XIV 



the stems or leaves of the bush upon which it was feeding. 

 The perfect fly, also shown, emerges in June or July. 



Remedies: Spray or sprinkle bushes with one table^poonful of Paris 

 Green in pail of water, keeping liquid constantly stirred. This is to be 

 applied only when fruit is green. When later treatment is necessary use 

 Hellebore dry when leaves are moist, or in water, i oz. to each pailful. 



Hand-picking while the insects are young is helpful. 



Fig. 5. Yellow-Spotted Willow Slug, Nematus ventra- 

 lis, Say. Feeds on willow and poplar. Eggs are laid in 

 puncture in the leaf. 



Remedies: Can be controlled by Paris Green spray, as recom- 

 mended for currant worm. Like the currant worm, not a true caterpillar, 

 turning into a small four-winged fly. 



Fig. 6. Spotted Cut-worm, Noctua c-nigrum. A very com- 

 mon species and figured here as being typical of the cut-worm 

 family. The individual from which this drawing was made 

 was, with its fellows, feeding upon clover and a neighboring 

 field of onions. See Fig. 119, p. 17S. 



Remedies: Fall plowing; avoid as far as possible using land which 

 was in sod the previous year. See page 161 for remedies in more detail. 



Fig. 7. Eight Spotted Forester, Alypia octo-macnlata. 

 This beautiful caterpillar feeds upon grape and woodbine. It 

 passes its pupal stage just beneath the surface of the ground, 

 emerging as a beautiful blue-black moth with two pale yellow 

 spots on each wing, making eight in all. See Fig. 112, p. 174. 



Remedies: Hand-pieking, or Paris Green, or Hellebore, when neces- 

 sary. 



Fig. 8. Mourning Cloak, Envanessa antiopa. This cater- 

 pillar feeds in colonies on the elm, poplar, willow and other 

 trees. It is of wide distribution. The specimen from which 

 the accompanying figure was made was with its fellows 

 stripping the leaves from an elm in St. Anthony Park. This 

 species hibernates as a butterfly, and is sometimes seen on 

 the wing on warm winter days. The writer has seen them on 

 the wing in Minnesota in IMarch. See Fig. 113. 



