98 INJURIOUS INSECTS OF 1903. 



INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 



As spraying, both for injurious insects and fungous dis- 

 eases, has become the popular as well as the scientific method 

 of combating these scourges, the following results were com- 

 piled in order that the farmers and the fruit growers of Minne- 

 sota might have the direct benefit of the researches and experi- 

 ments conducted along these lines in Experiment Stations and 

 in other reliable places. During the last few years some of the 

 best brains of the country have been at work experimenting 

 with the various insecticides and fungicides, trying to find the 

 right proportions, etc., to kill the insect or disease and yet not 

 affect the vitality of the plant in any way. Some of the sprays 

 used are as near perfect as can be desired, while others have 

 yet to be invented which will do the work satisfactorily. Fol- 

 lowing this list of insecticides and fungicides is an alphabetical 

 list of some of the leading insect pests and plant diseases, with 

 references, by number, to remedies in this list or to pages in 

 this report where the insect is fully discussed. 



I. Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate — 



This fungicide is used in place of the Bordeaux Mix- 

 ture when there is danger of the latter staining the fruit. 

 Bordeaux Mixture is the common and the best prac- 

 tical fungicide. However, when the fruit becomes half- 

 grown, the Bordeaux Mixture is apt to discolor and pro- 

 duce disfigurements, such as "russeting" of the apple, etc. 

 It is at this period, therefore, that the above fungicide is 

 used. The Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate can be used 

 without any danger of discoloring the fruit. 



Formula : 



Copper Carbonate, 5 ounces ; 

 Ammonia (26° Beaume), 3 pints; 

 Water, 45 gallons. 



Dissolve the Copper Carbonate in the ammonia. This 

 may be kept any length of time in a stoppered bottle, and 



