46 COLUBRID. 
Coluber pictus, Pail. 1. c. p. 45. 
xanthogaster, Andrzejowsky, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mose. ii. 
1832, p. 333, pl. xxiii. ; 
alpestris, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 68 (1832). 
—— peecilocephalus, Fisch. de Waldh. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. iv, 1832, 
. O75. 
Elaphe parreysii, Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. xxvii. (1833). 
Natrix elaphis, Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital. (1834). 
Elaphis quadrilineatus, Bonap. Mem. Acc. Tor. (2) ii. 1839, p. 433; 
De Betta, Atti Ist. Ven. (3) xiii. 1868, p. 929, and Faun. Ital., Rett. 
Anf. p. 45 (1874). 
parreysii, Lonap. l. ec. p. 484. 
Tropidonotus sauromates, Lichw. Faun. Casp.-Caue. p. 111, pl. xxv. 
1841). 
Elaphis quaterradiatus, Dum. § Bibr. vil. p. 254 (1854); Giinth. Cat. 
p. 93 (1858); Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. lvi. 1882, p. 302; 
Camerano, Mon, Ofid, Ital., Colubr. p. 57 (1891) ; Mina-Palumbo, 
Nat. Sicil. xii, 1892, p. 52. 
sauromates, Dum. § Bibr. t. ce. p. 288; Jan, Icon. Gén. 21, pl. ii. 
(1867) ; Strauch, Schl. Russ, R. p. 92 (1878); Schreib. Herp. Ew’. 
p. 250 (1875) ; Bedriaga, l. e. p. 806, 
- dione, var. grieca, Jan, Elenco, p. 61 (1863), and Ll. c. pl. iii. 
o. B. 
3 cervone, Schretb. l.c. p. 254; Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth, aus Bosn. 
u. Herzeg. ii. p. 608 (1894). 
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals 
broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and 
one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance 
from the rostral, shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly as long 
as deep; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two or three 
postoculars ; temporals 2+3 or 344; eight (exceptionally nine) 
upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye ; 
four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, 
which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 25 (rarely 23) rows, 
feebly but distinctly keeled, outer rows smooth. Ventrals 195-234, 
rounded; anal divided ; subcaudals 63-90. Young with three or five 
alternating series of dark brown black-edged spots on a pale brown 
ground, the dorsal series largest, transversely oval or rhomboidal ; 
in the specimens from Italy and Dalmatia (C. quatuorlineatus) 
these spots gradually disappear with age, and are replaced by a 
pair of black streaks along each side of the back; a black oblique 
streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; belly yellow, closely 
spotted or marbled with brown, the spots usually disappearing 
with age. 
Total length 1350 millim. ; tail 240. 
Mediterranean coast of France (?), Italy, Dalmatia, Greece, 
Hungary, Southern Russia, Cis- and Trancaucasia, 
A. Spots disappearing in the adult, replaced by black longitudinal 
lines. (C. quatuorlineatus, Lacép.) 
a. do (V. 218; C. 81). Bologna. Prof. J. J. Bianconi 
peak , 
