192 COLUBRID. 
Coluber alpinus, Georgi, 1. ¢. 
? Coluber ponticus, Georgi, J. ¢. 
Coluber gallicus, Herm. l. c. p. 281. 
caucasius, Pall. 1. c. p. 46. 
Coronella levis, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 5389; Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii. 
p. 175 (1831); Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Mér. iii. p. 380, 
Rept. pls. xii. & xiii. (1840) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 610 (1854) ; 
Jan, Icon. Gén, 14, pl. vi. fic. 4 (1865); Cooke, Our Rept. p. 53, 
pl. iv. (1865) ; } “iaud-Gir andm. Et. Serp. Vend. p. 12 (1868) ; 
Fatio, Vert. Suisse, ii. p. 177 (1872); Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 145 
(1876) ; Cambridge, Proc. Dorset N.'H. Cluh, vii. 1886, p. 84, 
Hy vi.; Tomasini, Wiss. Mitth. aus Bosn. u. Herzeg. ii. p. 622 3 (1894). 
Zacholus austriacus, Fitzing. Beitr. Landesk. Oesterr. i. p. 326 (1832) ; 
Bonap. Mem. Acc. Tor. (2) ii. 1839, p. 431; Gliickselig, Lotos, 
i. 1851, p. 198. 
Coluber nebulosus, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 75 (1832). 
ee levis, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 65, pl. ii. figs. 12 & 15 
1837). 
Zasholng fitzingeri, Bonap. l. ¢. 
levis, Lichw. Faun. Casp.-Cauce. p. 118 (1841). 
Coronella levis, vars. caucasica e¢ egyptiaca, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. 
Phys. ii. 1865, p. 238. 
austriaca, var. italica, Schreib. 1. c. fig. 
—— levis, var. leopardina, F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 
1884, p. 283. 
Snout obtuse or more or less prominent; rostral at least as deep 
as broad, more or less produced posteriorly between the internasals, 
the portion visible from above at least half as long (in some speci- 
mens quite as long) as its distance from the frontal, rarely separating 
the internasals, which are shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as 
long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter 
than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one (rarely two) pre- 
and two postoculars ; temporals 242 or 2+3 (rarely 142); seven 
(rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) 
entering the eye; four (rarely three) lower. labials in contact with 
the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the 
posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 153-199; anal divided 
(rarely entire); subcaudals 42-70. Brown or reddish above, often 
with one or three lighter stripes, with small dark brown or brick- 
red spots usually disposed in pairs; frequently two dark brown or 
brick-red stripes on the nape, usually confluent with a large dark 
blotch on the occiput; a dark streak on each side of the head, from 
the nostril to the angle of the mouth, passing through the eye, 
sometimes extending along each side of the neck; lower parts red, 
orange, brown, grey, or blackish, uniform or speckled with black 
and white. Spec. uw is pale brown above, with four black lines 
along the anterior part of the body, and two small, yellowish, dark- 
edged spots close together on the back of the head, separated by 
the parietal suture. 
Total length 720 millim.; tail 140. 
Europe, as far north as 623° (in Great Britain only in Hampshire 
and Dorsetshire, perhaps also in Surrey), Transcaucasia, Talysch 
Syria. 
