vii 
have been normally at that period. Defoliation of this sort for a 
number of successive years would probably result in the death of 
the, trees. 
The Entomologist again during the past summer and in the 
early fall of this year urged property owners, whose trees had 
suffered this season, to prevent repetition of this misfortune by 
applying Tree Tanglefoot to their trees in September or early 
October, and many followed this advice. In fact, in the town of 
Minnetonka Beach, hundreds of trees were treated, and those prop- 
erty owners who took this precaution, now (November 15) have 
the satisfaction of seeing hundreds of dead female moths, and 
large numbers of males, ensnared in the sticky bands about their 
trees. ‘This year females were first observed climbing the trees 
(basswoods, primarily, and also elms and even maples and oaks) on 
October 15. No males were seen at that time, though they appeared 
in small numbers a few days later, about a week after the appear- 
ance of the females. On October 22 these females were very abund- 
ant and the number of males increasing, the latter being exceed- 
ingly numerous on October 26th to the 30th. Mating was in prog- 
ress on October 24. Eggs have been laid in large numbers on 
treated trees just below the sticky bands. It would be well to 
destroy these eggs with a strong caustic solution before next May, 
and we would suggest renewal of bands about trees in affected 
areas. at that time, if the old bands are not then sticky. Thousands 
of eggs, of course, are already upon infested trees which were not 
treated with Tanglefoot, but they are so scattered over the trees 
that any treatment offered would be of but little avail. The 
renewal of the bands next spring, or the use of new bands upon 
trees now untreated, is advised for the purpose of checking the 
spreading of the caterpillars crawling from tree to tree. Occasion- 
ally a few of these moths “hold over” until Spring before issuing 
from the ground. As our illustrations show, banding is very effect- 
ive, but where the band has been allowed to be covered with leaves, 
or twigs, or dust, a bridge has been formed over which the pests 
have crossed. Hence the tree owner should keep the barriers free 
and sticky, by picking off the leaves and “combing” bands with a 
coarse brush when necessary. Some tree owners also have been 
careless in applying the mixture, neglecting to smooth off the rough 
bark, with the result not only of wasting the Tanglefoot, but also 
leaving unguarded cracks and crevices through which a portion of 
the moths at least could get above the band. 
