48 THE ACRIDIIDAE OF MINNESOTA 
This large and well-marked species is among the earliest of our 
Orthoptera and has been noted in Minnesota as early as the latter part 
of April, while in Iowa we have taken it fully matured by March 12, 
although this was, of course, exceptional. The dark markings of the 
tegmina, especially toward the base, have a tendency to become broadly 
triangular in form rather than rounded or transverse as in most of the 
species of this genus. The wings are quite uniform in their coral, or 
sometimes pinkish, red, although rarely yellow-winged forms are taken. 
The species can not easily be confused with others because of its quite 
distinct specific characters and also because of its occurrence at a time 
when very few other species of this genus, within our area, are mature, 
since nearly all have disappeared by the first of July. The species is 
to be found in nearly all parts of the State but appears quite local and 
colonies may be found in the same locality year after year. The young 
appear in July or August. The species frequents dry places, sandy 
spots along the edge of streams being especially favored. Both sexes 
have a strong and swift flight, although the female often relies upon 
concealment for escape. The male has an aerial stridulation much like 
that of Arphia, although when startled it often flies noiselessly. We 
have taken it in most parts of the State, although it is apparently less 
abundant in the Red River Valley. 
Hippiscus zapotecus Scudd. 
Hippiscus zapotecus, which has hitherto been reported almost en- 
tirely from the West and Southwest, has been found in considerable 
numbers in Ottertail County and other parts of the Red River Valley. 
Since it has the median carina of the pronotum cut by two sulci, it is 
readily set apart from most species of this genus. It was found in 
early spring, considerable numbers being taken by May 1, having 
doubtless been mature for some time even at that date. It was taken 
in every case upon high gravelly hills and associated with a dwarf 
sage (Artemisia cana Pursh.). 
The following description taken from specimens before us may be 
of interest, since descriptions of this species are not readily obtainable: 
General color a light grayish brown, more or less suffused with pink 
on the pronotum and face, maculate with dark fuscous; tegmina as 
long as (female), or surpassing (male), the abdomen, light grayish 
brown, heavily marked with rather small squarish spots of dark brown 
or fuscous, the spots not much coalesced into large areas as in most 
species of the genus; a well-marked light stripe along the axillary 
fold, broadening, and the two stripes meeting at a point but little be- 
hind the base of posterior femora; abdomen more or less maculate with 
