58 SEVENTEENTH Report STATE ENtTomoLocist oF MINNESoTA—1918 
dusky colors. The close relationship of the tribe to the Lachnina 
is plainly seen in their size, colors, and especially in their habitat as bark 
feeders. 
4. Tre CHAITOPHORINI 
Koch, 1854. Die Pflanzenl. Heft 1. Sub Chaitophorus (genus). 
Oestlund, 1887. Bull. 4. Sub Callipterini (tribe). 
Mordwilko, 1908. Ann. Aed. Imp. Vol. 18. Sub Chaitophorini (tribe). 
Wilson, 1910. Canad. Entom. Vol. 42. Sub Chaitophorini (tribe). 
Koch (1854) recognized the essential characters of the tribe un- 
der the generic term Chaitophorus, which was placed under his Aphi- 
den. Oestlund (1887) united Chaitophorus and related genera with 
Callipterus under the tribal name Callipterini. Mordwilko (1908) 
recognized the tribe Chaitophorini but included the Pterocommini. 
Wilson (1910) first recognized the tribe with its present limits. 
Morphological characters. Frontal margin straight or nearly so 
with no antennal tubercles; antennae shorter than the body, provided 
with long spreading hairs like those on the body and appendages ; 
rostrum short and stout, rarely extending beyond the third pair of 
legs. | Cornicles short and broad, usually broadest at base, truncate at 
apex or with a narrow margin. Cauda short, rounded or triangular 
and rarely with the apex globate. 
Biological characters. ‘he Chaitophorini are nearly all found on 
leaves or tender twigs of deciduous trees, rarely on annual plants. They 
do not show the robust form of the Pterocommini and Lachnina, but 
are smaller with moderately short legs. In color they are usually 
found with more or less green in harmony with their habitat on the 
leaves of trees. The tribe shows close affinity to the Lachnina in their 
hairy body and appendages; as well as in their habitat on trees. 
5. Tre VACUNINI 
Heyden, 1857. Mus. Senk. Vol. 2 Sub Vacuna (genus). 
IKkoch, 1854. Die Pflanzenl. Heft 1. Sub Vacuniden (tribe). 
Passerini, 1868. Aphid. Ital. Sub Chermesinae (subfamily). 
Thomas, 1879. Report 8. Sub Vacunini (section). 
DelGuercio, 1900. Nuoy. Relaz. Vol. 2. Sub Vaeunides (tribe). 
Mordwilko, 1908. Acad. Imper. Vol. 18. Sub Vacunina (group). 
Wilson, 1910. Can. Entom. Vol. 42. Sub Vacunini (tribe). 
Heyden (1837) first recognized the genus Vacuna that fore- 
shadows the present tribe. Koch (1854) placed Vacuna in his tribe 
Vacuniden which is a nomen nudum. Passerini (1863) placed Vacuna 
with Chermes in the subfamily Chermesinae. Thomas (1879) con- 
