TRIBES OF APHIDIDAE 65 
the distal end of the cornicles. Cauda long, with an apical, narrowed 
prolongation turned upward. Spuriae usually provided with sensoria 
on the third segment of the antennae. 
Biological characters. The present tribe is evidently a continua- 
tion of the large race of the Aphidinae, as met with in Calaphidini, 
Pterocommini, and Pterochlorini. In habitat they agree with the 
Aphidini, most of them are to be found on herbaceous plants. 
SUBFAMILY PEMPHIGINAE 
Retzius, 1783, DeGeer’s Genera. Sub Abdomen tubereculatum. 
Latreille, 1807, Gen. Crust. Vol. 38. Sub Abdomen corniculis tuberculisque nullis. 
Leach, 1818, Hort. Soc. Lond. Vol. 38. Sub EHriosoma (genus). 
Hartig, 1837, Jahresb. Vol. 1. Sub Pemphigus (genus). 
Koch, 1854, Die Pflanzenl. Heft 1. Sub Monokyphonen et Trichotomen. 
Passerini, 1868, Aphid. Ital. Sub Pemphiginae (subfamily). 
Kirkaldy, 1906, Can. Entom. Vol. 38. Sub Eriosomatinae (subfamily). 
Retzius (1783)) and Latreille (1807) foreshadowed the sub- 
family by their grouping of the genera of the genus Aphis. Leach 
(1818) established the first genus of the group, and Hartig (1837) the 
genus Pemphigus which has given name to the subfamily. Koch 
(1854) recognized the two subfamilies Monokyphonen and Tricho- 
tomen, both of which are nomena nuda. Passerini (1863) first pro- 
posed the subfamily Pemphiginae, in which he has been followed by 
most writers. Kirkaldy (1906) proposed Eriosomatinae to replace 
the term Pemphiginae. 
Morphological characters. Frontal margin more or less convex; a 
transverse line touching the anterior margin of the eyes, as seen from 
below, cuts the antennal attachment (foramen); the antennal fora- 
men has moved ventrad so that the antennae are situated between the 
eyes and not in front of them as seen in the Aphidinae. Antennae 
usually very short, of three to six segments; spur usually very short, 
rarely elongated (Mordwilkoja); sensilla few and inconspicuous or 
wanting, except in Anoeciini; sensoria usually transverse or annulate, 
sometimes circular. Rostrum short or at most moderately long, often 
wanting in the true sexes. Venation reduced, media rarely twice 
branched, usually with one branch or simple. Cornicles much reduced, 
rarely raised above the surface, often wanting. Cauda usually short 
and broad. Dermal glands in most cases characteristically arranged 
in larger areas along the margin of the abdomen and on the dorsum, 
more exceptionally also present as such on the thorax and head. 
Biological characters. The Pemphiginae constitute a small group 
in comparison with the preceding. Species are not numerous but- so 
