THE HYMENOPTERA OF MINNESOTA* 
By F. L. WasHBuRN 
The Minnesota Entomologist’s reports issued between the years 
1895 and 1901 comprise, amongst other subjects, treatises on certain 
orders of insects as they occur in Minnesota. Dr. Lugger, State En- 
tomologist during that period, issued one report on the Grasshoppers 
of Minnesota, another on Butterflies and Moths, another on the Bee- 
tles, and still another, the sixth and last, on the Bugs of the state. It 
was evidently his intention, had he not been prevented by death, to 
complete the series, issuing reports on Diptera, Hymenoptera and 
possibly other groups of minor importance. 
The writer published in 1905 a brief report on the Diptera, list- 
ing perhaps not more than one-tenth of the species of two-winged flies 
occurring in the state. Subsequently, a list of additional species was 
issued. For several years, at times when other work permitted, he 
has been working upon the Hymenoptera. The results of this work 
are embodied in this publication. 
In view of the fact that hitherto no special effort has been di- 
rected towards the study of this group in Minnesota, and hence 
comparatively little collecting has been done, it is gratifying to note 
that our collection at this time includes as many species of wild bees as 
have been taken in that favorite collecting ground of entomologists, 
namely—the state of New Jersey. 
Readers of this report should realize that securing anything ap- 
proaching all the species occurring in Minnesota would mean many 
years of collecting; hence no list of Minnesota species would be 
approximately complete, which did not represent the work of a lifetime 
in collecting in this state. We list all species collected and determined 
to date, emphasizing in descriptive text those of economic importance. 
In presenting this report on Hymenoptera, we take pleasure in 
acknowledging the invaluable assistance of Mr. H. L. Viereck of 
the United States Biological Survey, in identification of species, and 
in various other lines connected with the technical part of the work. 
The colored plates and drawings, except where noted, were made by 
Miss I. L. Wood under the author’s direction. We acknowledge the 
courtesy of the officers of the State Geological and Natural History 
Survey of Connecticut in allowing us to use the drawings referred to 
*Published with the approval of the Director as Paper No. 156, of the Journal 
Series of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 
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