IisZ SEVENTEENTH Report STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF MINNESOTA-—1918 
Wings with at least basal, median and submedian veins present, usually with 
venation well developed as shown in Fig. 40. 5 8 
Wings usually without veins or with only subcosta and part of ‘radius present, 
rarely as in Fig. 40, or as in figure of Pelecinus in Packard’s Guide. 
Serphoidea Page 195 
8. Trochanters composed of two joints. : : Tchneumonoidea Page 164 
Trochanters composed of one joint ; g ; 5 : i : 3 op 4 
9. Body not flea-like, not compressed ; 2 a a 5 = : ky) 
Body flea-like, compressed as in winged forms. : ‘ Cynipoidea Page 177 
10. Body not densely hairy A ; : 5 2 : ; : F ‘ Be eal 
Body densely hairy : ‘ : : , ‘ ; Vespoidea Page 204 
1i. First abdominal segment aipocied : ; i Ichneumonoidea Page 164 
First abdominal segment not elbowed : e ; E Serphoidea Page 195 
12. Hairs of dorsulum simple, not branched or plumose_. : o 13 
Hairs of dorsulum branched or plumose : : : 3 Apoidea Page 223 
13. Abdomen with more than three segments visible, segments beyond third not 
hidden. . : A Sphecoidea Page 215 
Abdomen with three segments visible, seg ments beyond third hidden 
Chrysidoidea Page 203 
14. Cutting edge of mandibles turned inward, their tips meeting or overlapping 
when mandibles are fiexed toward mouth. é 3 Vespoidea Page 204 
Cutting edge of mandibles turned outward, their tips usually neither meetin 
nor overlapping when mandibles are flexed toward mouth. 
Ichneumonoidea’ Page 164 
CHALASTOGASTRA 
‘TENTHREDINOIDEA 
This is that part of the Hymenoptera known as the Phytophaga, 
Phyllophaga, Tenthredinoidea or Saw-flies and Horn Tails or Ten- 
thredinoidea and Siricoidea. Lately, S. A. Rohwer' has split up this 
complex group into four Superfamilies—Megalodontoidea, Oryssoidea, 
Siricoidea and Tenthredinoidea. The first of these superfamilies is 
represented in the following pages by the Megalodontidae, Cephidae 
and Xyelidae, the second by the Oryssidae, the third by the Xiphydrii- 
dae and the Siricidae, the fourth by the Cimbicidae,” Areidae 
Diprionidae, Tenthredinidae and Pterygophoridae. 
The suborder includes all those individuals which feed upon 
vegetable tissue, either directly as in the case of the saw-flies which eat 
practically the entire leaf, or indirectly as with the gall flies, where 
by the injection of some active irritating or stimulating agent, or by 
similar effect induced by the presence of the egg or eggs or larva in 
the plant tissue, produce distorted growths in and upon which the 
larva feeds until maturity. The galls on willow, oak, rose, goldenrod 
and some of the other plants and trees are examples of these growths. 
Many members of the group are injurious, and in some of the 
torms the ovipositor is modified to form a pair of saw-like plates 
lying inside of, and protected by a sheath. The insects so character- 
ized, are compact with the thorax and abdomen about equal in trans- 
11911 Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington 138 (215-226). 
