186 SEVENTEENTH Report STATE ENtToMoLocist oF MINNESOTA—1918 
EULOPHIDAE 
Abdomen sessile or with a distinct petiole that is transverse and smooth. Hind 
coxae normal; post-niarginal and stigmal veins rather long; antennae often flabel- 
late in male. 
One species in this family is parasitic on the tussock moth; others 
are parasitic on leaf miners and some borers; others on grain plant 
lice; one on the Hessian fly; and another attacks the fruit bark-beetle ; 
another is a parasite on the woolly louse of the apple; others on oyster- 
shell scale and other scales including the San Jose scale. 
ELASMIDAE 
Abdomen as in Eulophidae; hind coxae very large and strongly compressed; head 
semi-globose, front deeply, sparsely punctate; antennae flabellate in male. 
These beneficial parasites (Elasmus) have been reared from vari- 
ous leaf mining caterpillars. 
Elasmus has also been bred from microgasterid cocoons and from 
other insects. 
ELACHERTIDAE 
Abdomen usually with a distinct petiole, antennae inserted below middle of face, 
simple in male. Sub-marginal vein entire. Hind tibiae sometimes with two spurs. 
Parasites on pomace fly, horn fly, wheat plant louse, cabbage 
plant louse, Hessian fly, apple curculio, joint worm, cabbage butterfly, 
grain weevil, angoumois grain moth, strawberry weevil, etc. The 
eggs of one species are laid within the eggs of the tent caterpillar moth, 
and they have been reared by the thousands from the American tent 
caterpillar. 
PTEROMALIDAE 
Antennae elbowed, thirteen-jointed with two ring joints and three joints to the 
club; seape large and long; occipital line incomplete. Head most frequently trans- 
verse or subquadrate. Mandibles usually stout, three or four dentate at apex. Ovi- 
positor issuing far anterior to tip of abdomen. 
Members of this family parasitise Hessian flies, joint worms, 
wheat lice, cabbage plant lice and other aphids, tent and other cater- 
pillars, strawberry weevils, cabbage butterflies, grain weevils, white 
