190 SEVENTEENTH Report STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF MINNESOTA—1918 
which are not parasites. Brucophagus funebris, for example, is the 
well-known clover-seed chalcid, very destructive to seed of clover and 
alfalfa; and of the genus /sosoma, I. tritici and I. hordei called “joint 
worms,” live in grain or grasses. Here occur both winged and wing- 
The clover seed Chalcid, Brucophagus funebris after Urbahns, U. S. Bureau 
Ent. a imago, b larva, ec pupa. 
e. 
gg 
“1 
to 
less females. These insects produce galls on wheat stems, checking the 
growth of the plant and causing the leaves to yellow. One or more 
gall-like swellings of the stem of grains or grasses denote the presence 
of the larva. Straw should be used up completely during the winter, 
for the adult insects emerge from infested stems in the spring. 
I. tritici and I. grande were supposed to be two distinct species, 
but it has been demonstrated by Riley that there is here, really, an alter- 
nation of generations of one species. Both generations may be wholly 
or in part parthenogenetic. Eurytoma pissodis, described by Girault 
in Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. is parasitic on the white pine weevil. 
