LOPHIDIA. 75 
orbit in advance of the middle of the total length, fin higher in the middle, 
rays extending beyond the membranes, not reaching the base of the caudal; 
anal not quite as large as the dorsal, originating and ending one or more 
rays farther backward, ends of rays reaching the bases of those of the 
caudal; pectorals short, two thirds as broad as long, truncate in the upper 
eight or ten rays, with long fringes, and with rays shortening rapidly 
forward, in the lower half; ventrals two thirds as long as the caudal, of six 
rays, posterior two rays longest, anterior ray rudimentary; caudal medium, 
subtruncate on the end, as long as the skull to the nape. 
Brownish more or less spotted, blotched, clouded, or freckled with lighter, 
darker on the top of the head, blackish on the chin, shading on the flanks 
to the white of the lower surface; in most cases with a black ring around 
the base of the humeral spine and white margins on the fins; dorsal with 
an irregular longitudinal band in the middle; caudal most often with a 
V-shaped transverse band of white on the middle and another across the 
peduncle at the base; anal nearly white, blackish posteriorly ; pectorals 
brownish with white spots and brown ones of variable sizes more or less 
irregularly arranged in transverse bands, varying to uniform brown with 
white margins. On some individuals there are rounded spots of white, as 
large as the eye, on the sides of the tail. 
Station. Latitude. Longitude. Depth. Temperature, Bottom. 
3387 7° 40’ N. 79° 17' 50” W. 127 fathoms 56.2° F. Fne. gy. S. 
3389 Wel G RAD ueNe 79° 56’ 30” W. PAO) 48.8° F. Gn. M. 
3390 7° 26’ 107 N. 79° 53’ 50” W. tote 5 62.6° F. Fne. gy. S. G. 
3391 7° 33! 407 N. 79° 43! 20” W. 153) 55.8° F. Gn. M. 
LOPHIDIA. 
The group of Lophidia is one of the best adapted to the evolution of 
deep sea species. Nearly all of the members rest and feed on the bottom, 
are sluggish and but poorly fitted for swimming. Having slid down toward 
the depths no great exertion could be expected toward the recovery of the 
upper level. From such conditions great variety of species and limited 
horizontal distribution of each follow as matter of course. That such is the 
fact is tolerably well supported by the material secured by this expedition. 
Dividing the group into two, the Lophioids, in which the illicium (the 
bait and rod) is raised vertically and turned back on the top of the head, 
and the Halieutoids, in which the illicium is protruded horizontally in front 
of the head, it is seen that the collection includes four species of three 
