LOPHIOMUS CAULINARIS. 
J 
o 
Lophiomus caulinaris sp. n.- 
? Lophiomus setigerus Gilbert, 1890, Proc. U.S. Mus., 454 (not = ZL. setigerus Wahl). 
Br. r.6; D.3+3-+ 8; A.6; V.6; P. 17-18; C. 8; Vert. 18. 
Head and greater portion of the body together forming a depressed sharp- 
edged subcircular disk, one third as deep as wide and nearly as long as 
broad ; caudal region moderately broad, tapering regularly from the body: 
body cavity more than half of the total length, extending about one length 
of the orbit backward of the disk. Forehead troughlike, concave. Snout 
broad, short, about half the length from the end of the lower jaw to the 
nape. Nasal sacs spherical, with the included lamellee exserted like fleshy 
bulbs on a peduncle, nearer to the premaxilla than to the eye, widely 
separated ; nostrils small, anterior near the stem, posterior on the top of 
the sac. Mouth large, four fifths as wide as the disk, oblique, lower jaws 
much longer and exposing the lower teeth. Teeth rather small, unequal, 
depressible on the jaws; in two series on the premaxilla, outer series of 
smaller teeth and twice as long as the inner; those of the lower jaws very 
unequal, in irregular series, inner teeth larger, largest near the symphysis 
one fourth as long as the orbit; a single erect tooth at each side of the 
vomer; a short series of four to six or more teeth on the forward ends of 
the palatines. Eye large, prominent, length little more than the distance 
from the mouth, or little less than the width of the interorbital area, Gills 
three ; gill openings as large as the eye, transverse, below the pectorals, at 
the hinder edge of the disk. Pseudobranchix well developed. Two pyloric 
appendages. Bones hard and firm. Humeral process strong 
e, with three 
spines, the anterior one of which is erect, and the posterior two of which 
diverge at the end of the bone, one pointing outward, the other inward. On 
the sharp ridge between the humeral spine and the head there is a shorter 
spine at each side. Of the four short opercular spines two are at the edge 
of the disk, the posterior directed outward, the anterior forward, the third 
and fourth are superior, one of them on the edge of the preopercle and the 
other between it and the hindmost of the four. Two short spines stand be- 
hind the angle of the mouth; a pair of strong ones stand outside of each 
nasal peduncle ; and a single one is seen above the hinder part of each orbit. 
Besides those mentioned there are half a dozen behind the orbits on the 
skull; ventral surface spineless. 
