178 DEEP SEA FISHES. 
known to be from the deep sea, that is from below a hundred and fifty 
fathoms. Among them are two genera, Microlepidium and Leptophycis, 
that do not readily identify with any of those previously known; there is a 
new species of Laemonema that is perhaps as closely allied to ZL. melanuwwmn 
G. B., as to any other of the genus; there is a new form of Antimora, so 
closely allied to A. rostrata Giint. from the far south, to A. viola G. B., from 
the northwestern Atlantic and to A. microlepis Bean from the northeastern 
Pacific as to raise the question whether the four are not to be ranked as varie- 
ties of the species A. rostrata; there is a new Merluccius that is more nearly 
allied to M. Gayi Guich. off the coasts of Chili than to M. bilinearis Mitch. 
or M. merluccius Linn.,; there are two species of Phyciculus, one of them 
new and closely allied to P. nematopus Gilb., from off the coasts of Lower 
California, and somewhat less so to P. fulvus Bean, from the Caribbean Sea 
and the Gulf of Mexico; and there is a new type of Bregmaceros, B. longipes, 
quite distinct from that of the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, B. Muc- 
clellandii Thomps., and more closely akin to B. atlanticus G. B., from the 
Caribbean Sea. 
The bathybial portion of the group has a much greater horizontal dis- 
tribution than the shoal water portion; while the latter is mainly included 
in the temperate regions the former extends beyond them under the tropical 
seas and to the polar regions. In the frigid zones the known representation 
is small, probably because almost nothing has been done toward the deter- 
mination of the fauna in those latitudes. The principal migrations of the 
Gadoids appear to be from the deeper to the shoaler waters and back, of « 
considerable vertical but not of a very great horizontal extent. So far as 
determined the vertical range is less than that of a number of the other 
groups. Only one of the Gadoids yet discovered has been taken from below 
1500 fathoms; Melanonus as noted by Giinther in the “ Challenger” report, 
is from 1975. The nearest approaches to this are Lamonema, from 1467, 
Antimora, from 1434, and Gaidropsarus, from 1246 fathoms. 
Concerning affinities between the Gadoids of the Atlantic and those of 
the Pacific, in the shoal water genera, Gadus, Merluccius, ete., they appar- 
ently are closer by way of polar waters, while in the larger proportion of 
the deep sea types, as Antimora, Lamonema, Phyciculus, and others, the 
connections appear closer by way of the isthmus. Moderately close allies 
occur on opposite sides of the Pacific, in Lepidion and in Phyciculus for 
instances. 
