ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA. 369 
Antarctic, Melamphaés gives little light on the special points under con- 
sideration ; it apparently has closer affinities between its species across the 
Pacific than across Central America, 
Trichiurus : — Panamic to Lower California, the Caribbean and Gulf to 
New York and to Montevideo, off Portugal, the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, 
Japan, New Zealand, and Madagascar outline a distribution that may be 
used in support of both a Panamic and an east Mediterranean strait. The 
species on the two sides of Central America have very close affinities. 
Chiasmodus : — The known range of this genus includes the following: 
south of the Gulf of California, off Pernambuco in the mid-Atlantic, off 
northwestern Africa, and in the Bay of Bengal. These are points somewhat 
favorable to the theory of a Central American water way between the two 
oceans. . 
Lophius: — Retaining Lophiomus in this genus the distribution includes 
the Panamic and the Caribbean, Cape Hatteras to Newfoundland, Cape 
Verdes to Norway, the Mediterranean, Arabian Gulf, Bay of Bengal, Japan 
and the Philippines, and off New Guinea and South Africa. The genus 
does not readily support the idea of a Panamic strait because of the wide 
differences in the species at opposite sides of the isthmus. 
Chaunax : —Recorded from the Panamic, the Caribbean and the Gulf to 
off New York, off northwestern Africa, in the Arabian Gulf, the Bay of 
Bengal, and off the Fiji Islands. The species on opposite sides of Central 
America differ radically. Some authors find the same species in both 
the Atlantic and the western Pacific, an identification that is somewhat 
questionable. 
Oncocephalus : — Obtained from the Panamic and from the Caribbean and 
the Gulf of Mexico to Labrador and to Rio de Janeiro. Advocates of the 
theory of a recent upheaval of the Central American isthmus will hardly 
find a better instance in their favor, on account of the distribution and the 
very close relationship of the Panamic to the Caribbean species. 
Dibranchus : —Tnhabits the Panamic region to the Gulf of California, the 
Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to New York, the region off Soudan and 
the Cape Verdes, and the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. As a genus 
Dibranchus supports the idea of a more or less recent Caribbean strait; the 
affinities of the species, however, are but moderately close, 
Malthopsis : — Species occur in the Panamic section to the Gulf of 
California, off the Hawaiian Islands, and in the Bay of Bengal. Not yet 
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