﻿+ 
  

  

  Gleasox: 
  Some 
  applicatioxs 
  of 
  the 
  quadrat 
  method 
  27 
  

  

  Again, 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  quadrats 
  counted 
  determines 
  the 
  ac- 
  

   curacy 
  of 
  the 
  frequency 
  index 
  as 
  an 
  expression 
  of 
  the 
  ecological 
  

   value 
  of 
  each 
  species. 
  The 
  results 
  from 
  a 
  small 
  series 
  certainly 
  

   can 
  not 
  express 
  the 
  actual 
  conditions 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  those 
  from 
  a 
  large 
  

  

  table 
  I 
  

  

  Rrigeron 
  canadensis 
  

  

  Paniciim 
  xanihophysum 
  

   Diervilla 
  Lonicera 
  

  

  SoUdago 
  canadensis 
  

  

  Agrostis 
  hyemalis. 
  . 
  

   Lactuca 
  canadensis 
  . 
  

  

  Poa 
  compressa 
  

  

  Epigaea 
  repens 
  

  

  Quercus 
  rubra 
  

  

  Comandra 
  umbellata 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  Amelanchier 
  canadensis 
  

   Hieracium 
  paniciilatiim 
  

  

  Finns 
  resinosa. 
  ....... 
  

  

  Pleris 
  aquilina, 
  . 
  . 
  I 
  lOO 
  

  

  Vaccininm 
  pennsylvanicum 
  

  

  Gaylussacia 
  haccata 
  

  

  Aster 
  laevis 
  * 
  

  

  Carex 
  umhdlata 
  

  

  Rhus 
  glabra 
  

  

  Rumex 
  Aceiosella 
  

  

  Rubus 
  allegheniensis 
  

  

  Paniciini 
  boreale 
  

  

  Danthonia 
  spicaia 
  

  

  GauUheria 
  procutnbens 
  

  

  Gnaphalium 
  dectirrens 
  

  

  Popiilus 
  grand 
  idenlata 
  

  

  Hieracium 
  venosum, 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  , 
  

  

  lOO 
  

  

  So 
  

  

  lOO 
  

  

  87 
  

  

  73 
  

  

  So 
  

  

  40 
  

   60 
  

  

  40 
  

  

  47 
  

   60 
  

  

  53 
  

  

  60 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  13 
  

  

  33 
  

   27 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  13 
  

   20 
  

  

  13 
  

  

  7 
  

   7 
  

   7 
  

   7 
  

  

  100 
  

   82 
  

  

  67 
  

  

  68 
  

  

  53 
  

  

  55 
  

   40 
  

  

  30 
  

  

  35 
  

   22 
  

  

  27 
  

   33 
  

   32 
  

   28 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  13 
  

   8 
  

  

  8 
  

  

  8 
  

  

  7 
  

   S 
  

   S 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  99 
  

   71 
  

  

  29 
  

   24 
  

  

  23 
  

   21 
  

  

  17 
  

  

  16 
  

  

  15 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  12 
  

  

  II 
  

   8 
  

  

  7 
  

   6 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  2 
  

   2 
  

   2 
  

  

  I 
  

   I 
  

   I 
  

   I 
  

   O 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  

  

  ^ 
  

  

  >.S 
  

  

  

  5; 
  

  

  100 
  

  

  70 
  

  

  43 
  

   30 
  

  

  33 
  

  

  25 
  

   28 
  

  

  18 
  

  

  17 
  

  

  13 
  

  

  xo 
  

  

  15 
  

   10 
  

  

  7 
  

   8 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  3 
  

   2 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  

  

  3 
  

   2 
  

  

  

  

  2 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  «n 
  

  

  u 
  2 
  

  

  

  t*, 
  

  

  98 
  

   82 
  

  

  60 
  

  

  37 
  

  

  57 
  

  

  33 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  37 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  3 
  

   5 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  IS 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  7 
  

   3 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  

   2 
  

   O 
  

   O 
  

   O 
  

  

  s8 
  

  

  "^5 
  

  

  

  100 
  

  

  78 
  

  

  25 
  

   30 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  33 
  

  

  15 
  

   12 
  

  

  48 
  

   20 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  10 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  3 
  

   2 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  s 
  

  

  — 
  eft 
  

  

  I- 
  

  

  S 
  

  

  97 
  

   97 
  

   87 
  

   23 
  

   7 
  

   3 
  

  

  33 
  

  

  10 
  

  

  17 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  25 
  

  

  17 
  

   8 
  

  

  S 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  ■ 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  3 
  

   o 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  o 
  

   o 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  ^ 
  

  

  J3 
  2 
  

  

  .s§. 
  

  

  100 
  

  

  27 
  

   22 
  

  

  27 
  

  

  13 
  

   40 
  

  

  12 
  

  

  7 
  

   32 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  5 
  

   8 
  

  

  25 
  

  

  18 
  

  

  22 
  

   23 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  5 
  

   o 
  

  

  2 
  

   o 
  

  

  2 
  

   O 
  

  

  o 
  

  

  o 
  

   o 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  series. 
  Repeated 
  tests 
  ha\'e 
  shown 
  that 
  100 
  is 
  a 
  satisfactory 
  

   number 
  and 
  that 
  no 
  valuable 
  increase 
  in 
  accuracy 
  is 
  gained 
  by 
  

   increasing 
  the 
  number 
  beyond 
  that, 
  while 
  it 
  eliminates 
  all 
  com- 
  

   putation 
  in 
  determining 
  the 
  frequency 
  index. 
  

  

  Experience 
  has 
  also 
  shown 
  that 
  better 
  results 
  are 
  obtained 
  if 
  

   the 
  quadrats 
  are 
  not 
  contiguous, 
  but 
  separated 
  by 
  some 
  distance, 
  

   so 
  as 
  to 
  cover 
  more 
  thoroughly 
  the 
  whole 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  association. 
  

   In 
  small 
  associations, 
  where 
  even 
  contiguous 
  quadrats 
  cover 
  

   most 
  of 
  the 
  area, 
  this 
  treatment 
  is 
  not 
  necessary. 
  If 
  plants 
  were 
  

  

  