﻿Nichols: 
  The 
  vegetation 
  of 
  Connecticut 
  101 
  

  

  lower 
  stiUittoral. 
  The 
  former 
  includes 
  the 
  bottom 
  between 
  low 
  

   tide 
  mark 
  and 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  from 
  four 
  to 
  six 
  feet; 
  the 
  latter 
  includes 
  

   all 
  of 
  the 
  sublittoral 
  below 
  this 
  depth. 
  The 
  vegetation 
  of 
  both 
  

   these 
  zones, 
  on 
  rocky, 
  stony 
  or 
  shelly 
  bottoms, 
  consists 
  wholly 
  of 
  

   marhie 
  algae, 
  except 
  as 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  an 
  occasional 
  sparse 
  growth 
  

   of 
  eel 
  grass. 
  Essentially 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  seaweeds 
  to 
  be 
  mentioned 
  in 
  

   the 
  lists 
  which 
  follow 
  are 
  attached 
  forms 
  : 
  in 
  large 
  part 
  they 
  find 
  

   a 
  foothold 
  on 
  rocks, 
  stones, 
  or 
  shells; 
  but 
  many 
  of 
  them, 
  particu- 
  

   larly 
  among 
  the 
  smaller 
  species, 
  also 
  grow 
  as 
  epiphytes 
  on 
  o.ther 
  

   seaweeds, 
  or 
  on 
  eel 
  grass. 
  No 
  account 
  whatever 
  is 
  taken 
  here 
  

   of 
  the 
  vast 
  assemblage 
  of 
  microscopic 
  free-floating 
  algae 
  which 
  

   constitute 
  what 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  plankton, 
  nor 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  

   attached 
  forms 
  included 
  among 
  the 
  diatoms. 
  In 
  the 
  discussion 
  

   of 
  the 
  seaweed 
  associations 
  which 
  follows, 
  the 
  published 
  works 
  

  

  M 
  

  

  John 
  

  

  upon, 
  and 
  the 
  lists 
  of 
  species 
  have 
  been 
  checked 
  over 
  by 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  

  

  '/> 
  

  

  followed 
  in 
  matters 
  of 
  algal 
  nomenclature. 
  

  

  >/ 
  

  

  By 
  far 
  the 
  greater 
  number 
  

  

  of 
  seaweeds 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  sublittoral 
  region 
  belong 
  to 
  

   the 
  red 
  algae, 
  while 
  the 
  green 
  algae 
  are 
  practically 
  absent 
  here. 
  

   The 
  brown 
  algae 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  comparatively 
  few 
  species, 
  

   but 
  among 
  these 
  are 
  the 
  kelps, 
  particularly 
  Laminaria 
  Agardhii, 
  

   which 
  are 
  conspicuous 
  by 
  their 
  large 
  size, 
  individual 
  plants 
  often 
  

   acquiring 
  a 
  length, 
  along 
  our 
  shores, 
  of 
  ten 
  or 
  more 
  feet. 
  Little 
  

   of 
  a 
  definite 
  nature 
  can 
  be 
  stated 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  grouping 
  into 
  

   associations 
  of 
  the 
  algae 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  sublittoral, 
  and 
  many 
  of 
  

   them 
  are 
  seldom 
  seen, 
  except 
  as 
  washed 
  ashore 
  during 
  storms. 
  

   Some 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  species, 
  however, 
  frequently 
  form 
  extensive 
  

   beds.* 
  M 
  ost 
  ofjh^specie^characte^^ 
  sublittoral 
  

  

  (^)~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
  of 
  finnly 
  compacted 
  rock 
  

  

  i.e., 
  of 
  rock 
  in 
  the 
  ordinarily 
  accepted 
  sense; 
  and 
  W 
  erCrn, 
  f-/';^--' 
  -^"! 
  ^^J 
  

   substratum 
  consists 
  of 
  glacial 
  drift, 
  which 
  technically 
  may 
  l3e 
  -]-^^^ 
  ^^ 
  ^^^^^^^^^^^ 
  

   rock. 
  The 
  general 
  description 
  which 
  follows 
  applies 
  -«- 
  P^^'^"'^;'/ 
  .^^^^^^^^f 
  ^ 
  

   and 
  bottoms, 
  but 
  attention 
  will 
  be 
  directed 
  later 
  to 
  resemblances 
  and 
  differences 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  the 
  vegetation 
  here 
  and 
  that 
  alons 
  eroding 
  drift 
  shores 
  , 
  . 
  .....ral 
  

  

  associa 
  t 
  

  

  regions 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Woods 
  Hole. 
  B. 
  M. 
  Davis 
  ds) 
  -^^'^^^^^^^/^'^"'"bu 
  

   siJcies 
  may 
  cover 
  large 
  areas 
  and 
  even 
  form 
  broad 
  zones 
  of 
  vegetation 
  ... 
  but 
  

  

  