﻿524 
  Nichols: 
  The 
  vegetation 
  of 
  Connecticut 
  

  

  Red 
  Algae 
  (Rhodophyceae) 
  

  

  Chantransia 
  virgatida 
  Polysiphonia 
  Harveyi 
  

  

  Callith 
  amnion 
  hyssoideum 
  ** 
  Olneyi 
  

  

  ft 
  

  

  corymhosum 
  Melobesia 
  Lejolisii 
  

  

  Ceramhim 
  fastigiaUim 
  

  

  But 
  while 
  algae 
  may 
  grow 
  in 
  great 
  profusion 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  

   and 
  stems 
  of 
  the 
  eel 
  grass, 
  in 
  the 
  shallow 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  

   sublittoral 
  these 
  attached 
  forms 
  may 
  be 
  overshadowed, 
  both 
  in 
  

   mass 
  effect 
  and 
  in 
  ecological 
  importance, 
  by 
  certain 
  species 
  which 
  

   grow 
  entirely 
  unattached, 
  notably 
  by 
  the 
  enteromorphas 
  and 
  the 
  

   sea 
  lettuce 
  {Ulva 
  Lackica). 
  Enter 
  omorplia 
  clathrata 
  in 
  particular 
  

   commonly 
  grows 
  as 
  an 
  epiphyte 
  on 
  Zoster 
  a, 
  but 
  these 
  attached 
  

   plants 
  are 
  usually 
  small. 
  Like 
  f7/m, 
  which 
  germinates 
  on 
  rocks, 
  

   piles 
  and 
  the 
  like, 
  just 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  an 
  attached 
  enteromorpha 
  plant 
  

   reaches 
  any 
  size 
  it 
  is 
  usually 
  torn 
  away 
  from 
  its 
  support 
  by 
  currents 
  

   or 
  waves 
  and 
  thereafter 
  is 
  at 
  their 
  mercy. 
  These 
  free-floating 
  

   plants 
  commonly 
  settle 
  in 
  large 
  numbers 
  in 
  quiet 
  shallow 
  waters 
  

   where 
  they 
  apparently 
  find 
  conditions 
  exceedingly 
  congenial 
  to 
  

   their 
  further 
  growth. 
  The 
  sea 
  lettuce 
  forms 
  crumply 
  sheets, 
  

  

  + 
  

  

  commonly 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  foot 
  and 
  sometimes, 
  according 
  to 
  Johnson 
  

   and 
  York 
  ('15), 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  thirty 
  feet 
  in 
  diameter. 
  The 
  entero- 
  

   morpha 
  similarly 
  forms 
  dense 
  tangles 
  which, 
  with 
  the 
  sea 
  lettuce, 
  

  

  may 
  

  

  of 
  

  

  the 
  eel 
  grass. 
  The 
  ecological 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  eel 
  grass, 
  sea 
  lettuce 
  

  

  C^St 
  PP- 
  18 
  et 
  seq.). 
  

  

  discussed 
  in 
  detail 
  by 
  Joh 
  

  

  The 
  tidal 
  flats 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  littoral. 
  — 
  In 
  their 
  treatment 
  of 
  the 
  

   marine 
  vegetation 
  at 
  Cold 
  Spring 
  Harbor, 
  Johnson 
  and 
  York 
  

   ('15) 
  divide 
  the 
  littoral 
  region 
  into 
  three 
  sub-regions: 
  the 
  lower 
  

   littoral, 
  the 
  midlittoral 
  and 
  the 
  upper 
  littoral. 
  In 
  the 
  present 
  

   account, 
  thus 
  far, 
  little 
  attempt 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  differentiate 
  

   bet-ween 
  lower 
  littoral 
  and 
  midlittoral, 
  the 
  former 
  term 
  having 
  

   been 
  used 
  to 
  cover 
  both 
  these 
  divisions. 
  But 
  along 
  muddy 
  shores 
  

   sharply 
  defined 
  differences 
  in 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  vegetation 
  

   make 
  such 
  a 
  distinction 
  imperative. 
  The 
  lower 
  littoral 
  here 
  may 
  

   be 
  defined 
  as 
  the 
  region 
  extending 
  from 
  approximately 
  mean 
  low 
  

   tide 
  mark 
  upward 
  nearly 
  to 
  half 
  tide 
  level 
  : 
  it 
  embraces 
  the 
  stretch 
  

   of 
  "mud 
  flats" 
  which 
  intervenes 
  between 
  the 
  muddy 
  bottoms 
  

  

  